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Social alignment and masks reduce the risk of getting Covid-19, the main review findings
“The most comprehensive study to date” found that physical distance and perhaps the use of masks are the two best ways to prevent transmission of the new corona virus.
The new study, published in the Lancet medical journal Monday, found people should stay at least three feet apart and more if possible.
The review of various published studies, paid for by the World Health Organization, has three main findings:
The researchers looked at 172 observational studies in 16 countries and six continents, including studies in health care and community settings. They do not see randomized controlled trials, considered the gold standard but it is almost impossible to apply to study transmission of infections in people.
Researchers at universities around the world analyzed studies of the Covid-19 outbreak, the acute SARS virus and the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome virus (MERS), which came from the same virus family.
‘A big step forward’
The review results support a physical distance policy of at least 1 meter (3.3 feet) and, if feasible, 2 meters (6.6 feet) or more, the researchers said. The information can also be used to inform models that predict the spread of disease and help with contact tracking schemes, the research team, led by Holger Schünemann of McMaster University in Canada, added.
Trish Greenhalgh, professor of Primary Care Health Services at Oxford University who was not involved in the study, said that while all of these results were subject to uncertainty, the extraordinary message was that physical measures were effective in preventing Covid-19.
“This is a big step forward in our knowledge, because the previous meta-analysis is mainly based on the prevention of influenza and other diseases, which do not behave the same as the Covid-19 virus,” he told the Science Media Center in London.
“In all three questions, the evidence seems to support the steps. For example, on average, staying 1 meter from someone else seems to reduce your chance of capturing Covid-19 by 80%. Wearing a mask or facepiece seems to reduce your risk by 85%. And wearing glasses or face shields seems to reduce the risk by 78%. “
Pull Jašarević, a WHO spokesman, said the international health agency was in the process of updating its advice on wearing masks, with changes likely to be announced this week.
That change “tends to touch the best material that you can make yourself mask, based on the latest data from the US, “he told CNN via email.
“WHO has maintained its focus on the use of masks where there is evidence that they can limit transmission, such as in health care settings. In fact, new guidelines can expand their use in these settings,” he added.
The next step for government leaders
The key question now is how the government and society should interpret this result, said Linda Bauld, a professor of public health at the University of Edinburgh.
“The first and perhaps most useful finding is the problem of physical distance. There are many complaints that guidance in the UK at 2 meters is excessive because it is more than in other countries,” he told the Science Media Center.
“But this review supports it. Maintaining this distance is likely to reduce risk compared to 1 meter. Thus, if possible, this is the distance retailers and employers should use because more places and workplaces are reopened in the future.”
Bauld added that while the certainty of evidence was low on face masks, making it more difficult for the government to make this mandatory, reviews added to the evidence that leaders must ask the public to wear face masks on public transportation, in shops and other indoor spaces even when physical distance occurs, he said.
For healthcare workers, this study found that N95 masks and other respirator-type masks might provide greater protection from virus transmission compared with surgical masks or cotton masks or multiple layers of gauze.
However, the review did not see the effect of wearing masks to protect others, said Greenhalgh of Oxford. He said the general public must wear standard cloth masks or surgical masks, leaving respirator masks for health care workers.
Even when used and combined correctly, long distance, masks and eye protection do not offer complete protection, this research emphasizes, and basic steps such as hand washing are very important to reduce transmission.
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Ensuring a long and healthy life for your Hermann’s Tortoise requires a combination of proper care, nutrition, and habitat management. Hermann’s Tortoises, known for their charming personalities and distinctive shells, can live for several decades with the right conditions. Understanding their needs and providing a suitable environment is key to helping them thrive. Here’s how you can support your Hermann’s Tortoise in living a long, happy life.
Creating an Optimal Habitat
One of the most critical factors in promoting the longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise is the creation of a suitable habitat. Providing an environment that mimics their natural surroundings is essential for their overall health. An appropriate habitat helps prevent stress and supports their well-being. For detailed guidance on setting up an ideal habitat, including specific requirements for outdoor enclosures, visit this comprehensive guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise.
- Outdoor Enclosure: Hermann’s Tortoises thrive in outdoor enclosures that provide ample space to roam, bask, and forage. An outdoor setup should include a secure, predator-proof area with access to natural sunlight. Incorporate areas for basking and shade to allow the tortoise to regulate its body temperature. Additionally, include plants, rocks, and hiding spots to simulate their natural habitat and encourage natural behaviors.
- Indoor Habitat: If an outdoor enclosure is not feasible, an indoor habitat can also support a long lifespan if set up correctly. Use a large, well-ventilated enclosure with appropriate heating and UVB lighting. Provide a substrate that allows for burrowing and offer various hiding spots and enrichment items.
Diet and Nutrition
A balanced diet is vital for maintaining the health and longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise. They are primarily herbivores, and their diet should reflect their natural feeding habits.
- Leafy Greens: Offer a variety of leafy greens such as kale, collard greens, and dandelion greens. These vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals that support overall health.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Supplement their diet with other vegetables like carrots, squash, and bell peppers. Fruits should be given in moderation due to their high sugar content.
- Calcium and Supplements: Provide a calcium supplement to support shell and bone health. A cuttlebone or powdered calcium can be added to their food. Ensure that they also have access to fresh, clean water at all times.
Regular Health Checks
Routine health checks are essential for early detection of potential health issues. Regular veterinary visits help ensure your tortoise remains in optimal condition and addresses any health concerns promptly.
- Observation: Monitor your tortoise’s behavior and physical condition regularly. Changes in appetite, weight, or activity level can indicate health problems.
- Preventative Care: Schedule annual check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in reptile care. Regular exams help catch any issues early and keep vaccinations and other preventative treatments up to date.
Environmental Enrichment
Providing environmental enrichment helps keep your Hermann’s Tortoise mentally stimulated and active. Enrichment can reduce stress and prevent boredom, contributing to a better quality of life.
- Foraging Opportunities: Hide food items around the enclosure to encourage natural foraging behavior. This not only provides mental stimulation but also mimics their natural hunting practices.
- Variety: Change the layout of their enclosure periodically and introduce new objects or plants to keep their environment interesting and engaging.
Conclusion
By focusing on creating the right habitat, providing a balanced diet, ensuring regular health checks, and offering environmental enrichment, you can significantly enhance the lifespan and well-being of your Hermann’s Tortoise. For further details on creating an ideal habitat, including tips for designing an outdoor enclosure, refer to this helpful guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise. Implementing these practices will help ensure that your tortoise enjoys a long, healthy life.
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Method Media Bermuda will present the documentary FABRIC: Portuguese History in Bermuda on Thursday, December 29 at the Underwater Research Institute of Bermuda.
A spokesperson said: “Method Media is proud to bring Bermuda Fabric: Portugal History to Bermuda for its 5th and 6th showing at the Bermuda Underwater Observatory. In November and December 2019, Cloth: A Portuguese Story in Bermuda had four sold-out screenings. Now that Bermuda has reopened after the pandemic, it’s time to bring the film back for at least two screenings.
“There are tickets Ptix.bm For $ 20 – sessions at 15:30 and 18:00. Both screenings will be followed by a short Q&A session.
Director and producer Milton Raboso says, “FABRIC is a definitive account of the Portuguese community in Bermuda and its 151 years of history, but it also places Bermuda, Acors and Portugal in the world history and the events that have fueled those 151 years.
“It took more than 10 years to implement FABRIC. The film was supported by the Minister of Culture, the Government of the Azores and private donors.
“Bermuda Media Method [MMB] Created in 2011 by producer Milton Raposo. MMB has created content for a wide range of clients: Bermuda’s new hospital renovation, reinsurance, travel campaigns, international sports and more. MMB pays special attention to artistic, cultural and historical content.
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CRISTANO RONALDO CAN MAKE UP A GIANT IN CARIOCA AND PORTUGUESE TECHNICIAN SAYS ‘There will be room’
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