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Controversies of Portuguese Judicial Nationalism (I) – Observer
one This is a classic when talking about the obvious ineffectiveness of the Portuguese penitentiary system in combating economic and financial crime, and the slow maneuvers of the defense are cited as one of the obvious reasons for this. The lawyers then stand up with their hands up, waving their traditional rhetorical exclamations against those who want to question status quo. And even worse: against anyone who dares (the highest blasphemy!) To challenge the best and most advanced criminal procedure in Europe (and in the world). Of course, the Portuguese!
The new target is the doctor. Enrique Araujo, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and the thoughts he presented in an exclusive interview he gave to the Observer. But is it? Do lawyers have any reason to publicly rip off their robes in the name of allegedly protecting the rule of law, as if the head of the judicial system did not know what it is?
Let’s be straight and synthetic:
- Criminal justice suffers from an injustice that urgently needs to be remedied: a huge difference in the speed of a final and non-appealable decision in a regular criminal case (quickly and within European standards) and in an economic and financial crime case (very slowly and appropriately). from a third world country);
- The reasons for this enormous slowness are varied, but among them, there are undoubtedly numerous tricks that the law allows the defense to delay the progress of this process:
- The very access to such instruments of protection depends solely on the economic capabilities of the accused, which means that the richest in the world have every opportunity to postpone the final court decision in search of recipes, and the poorest do not have sufficient funds to enjoy the benefits that they have. the law applies to all citizens. For a system close to utopian perfection, there can be no greater inequality.
Based on each of these points.
2penultimate report European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (2018 data), the average time to resolve criminal cases in Portugal is within the European average: 1st instance (204 days), 2nd copy (121 days) and 3rd instance (58 days). This means that a little over a year is left before the final decision.
If we are going to buy this clearly positive data with the final assessment of some financial and economic processes (and others equally by the media) over the past 20 years, we can very easily conclude that the difference is terrible. We will see:
- Isaltino Morais case: Investigation began in 2002 with indictment in 2006, trial began in March 2009 and ended in August 2009, but the trial did not become final until May 24, 2014. Time to solve: 11 years.
- BPN case: the investigation began in 2008, the trial began in December 2010 and ended in May 2017 (6 years and 5 months). Oliveira Costa, the main defendant, passed away in March 2020. And only in March 2021, the records began to become final for some of the defendants. Resolution time: 13 years old
- BCP case: Investigation began in September 2007, indictment was filed in January 2009, convictions against Jardim Gonçalves and other BCP administrators were handed down in May 2014, and the Lisbon court upheld in February 2015 without further appeal. Resolution time: 8 years
- Hidden face: The investigation began in 2009, the trial took place from November 2011 to September 2014, and the case of the main defendant, Manuel Godinho, has not yet been finalized. Resolution time (so far): 12 years oldexcept that Armando Vara began serving his prison sentence in January 2019 (10 years pending final decision) and Paulo Penedos and Paiva Nunez in December 2020 (11 years until the final judgment).
- BPP case: Since 2008, there have been four trials, none of which have yet been final. The one closest to completion was indicted in June 2014, sentenced to effective prison terms in July 2020 by the Lisbon Court, confirmed by the Supreme Court in January 2021. Time of the decision (so far): 13 years old
- Pia Casa Wing: Investigation began in November 2002, trial began in November 2004 and ended in September 2010. The final decision was made only in April 2013. Decision time: 11 years.
3 The difference between the time it takes to solve the general criminal process and these processes that we just mentioned is from 1 to 10. What are the reasons for this terrible difference? Here are some explanations:
- The trial and appeal phases account for over 80% of the total process time. Why? Because many of these lawsuits had many witnesses, which greatly delays the trial. Examples: BPN case (more than 300 witnesses for a trial that lasted 6 years and 5 months), Hidden Face (a trial that lasted 2 years and 10 months with over 350 witnesses) or Casa Pia (a trial that lasted 5 years and 10 months to hear over 600 witnesses);
- Following a first-instance conviction, appeals and related adjournments in higher courts can go as far as the lawyer’s imagination allows. In addition to the appeal itself, the defense could seek clarifications from the speakers, file complaints with the conference, and even demand invalidation. All these maneuvers delay the process between the higher courts.
- The appeals themselves can begin at the stage of investigation, which helps to jam the recordings. Case study: The defense of António Mexia and João Manso Neto have already filed numerous appeals in the EDP case and the trial has not yet been charged.
This does not mean that the prosecutor’s office is free from the slow review of other cases. In addition to cases such as Espírito Santo Universe, public-private partnerships and the EDP are cases that have been or are under investigation for more than 5 years. The investigation also has problems – mainly due to lack of funds – and this too needs to be fought.
4 No ordinary citizen can understand how it is possible that “no one” accused of murder is investigated, charged, announced and convicted or acquitted by a final and non-appealable decision within 1 year. And a strong accused with good lawyers will be lucky only after 10 years.
Mostly when some of these defendants are suspected of harming the public purse (in the case of ex-politicians) or of harming thousands of consumers (in the case of ex-bankers).
This is why it is one of the major challenges facing Portuguese democracy today. Why? Because it explains an important part of the rise of things like Chega, but also the fact that citizens’ confidence in democratic institutions is being called into question.
And therefore the reaction of many lawyers, namely President Luis Menezes LeitauThe interview of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is very similar to the interview of the ostrich, who prefers to bury his head deep in the sand instead of facing reality.
five In fact, what is this law under which the defendants remain suspects for 10 or even 15 years? Don’t you lawyers understand that speed is also important for the accused in order to close a case that is naturally traumatic and to make their life as innocent or guilty as possible?
In other words: what is this law whereby access to justice and all legal instruments provided for the implementation of safeguards depends on the size of the defendant’s wallet? Those with higher incomes will be able to push the ruthless decision towards a possible statute of limitations, while those with less will begin serving their prison sentences almost after the first instance. What is the rule of law?
In order to be part of a solution aimed at making the Portuguese penitentiary system more balanced between guarantees of protection and the effectiveness of justice, it is important that lawyers move away from corporatism. Because this is the only way to find a minimum common denominator among the legal community in an effort to improve our penal system. Instead of insisting on the defense of empty judicial nationalism without any reference to reality.
Will continue next week
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All Your Acrylic Nail Questions Answered: From Application to Care
Acrylic nails are a popular choice for those looking to add length, strength, and style to their natural nails. Whether you’re new to the world of acrylics or a seasoned nail enthusiast, there are always questions that arise about the application, maintenance, and overall care of these enhancements. This guide will answer all your acrylic nail questions to ensure your next manicure is a complete success.
What Are Acrylic Nails?
Acrylic nails are artificial nail enhancements made from a mixture of liquid monomer and powder polymer. When combined, they form a hard protective layer that can be molded into various shapes and lengths. Once hardened, they provide a durable and long-lasting canvas for nail polish, art, or simply a natural look. For more in-depth information, check out Acrylic Nail FAQs to get all the details you need before your next salon visit.
How Are Acrylic Nails Applied?
The application process of acrylic nails begins with the preparation of your natural nails. The nail technician will clean your nails, file them down, and apply a bonding agent to help the acrylic adhere. The acrylic mixture is then applied in thin layers, sculpted to the desired shape, and allowed to dry. Once set, the nails are filed, shaped, and buffed to a smooth finish.
Acrylic nails can be customized in terms of length and shape, making them a versatile choice for anyone looking to enhance their look.
How Long Do Acrylic Nails Last?
Typically, acrylic nails can last anywhere from two to three weeks before requiring a fill. During a fill, the nail technician will replace any grown-out acrylic and maintain the structure of the nails. With proper care, acrylic nails can be worn for extended periods, but it’s essential to give your natural nails a break occasionally to maintain nail health.
How Do You Care for Acrylic Nails?
Caring for acrylic nails is crucial to ensuring they last as long as possible and that your natural nails remain healthy underneath. Here are some essential tips:
- Avoid excessive water exposure: Prolonged exposure to water can weaken acrylic nails, making them prone to lifting or damage. When washing dishes or cleaning, consider wearing gloves to protect your nails.
- Moisturize cuticles regularly: The acrylic application process can sometimes dry out your cuticles. Regularly apply cuticle oil to keep your cuticles hydrated and prevent hangnails.
- Be gentle with your nails: Acrylics can be strong, but they’re not indestructible. Avoid using your nails as tools to open packages or scrape things, as this can lead to breakage.
- Schedule regular fills: As your natural nails grow, gaps will appear between the acrylic and your cuticles. Regular fills ensure your nails maintain a smooth, polished look and help prevent lifting.
How Do You Remove Acrylic Nails Safely?
Proper removal is crucial to avoid damaging your natural nails. It’s highly recommended to have acrylics removed by a professional at the salon. However, if you prefer to remove them at home, follow these steps:
- Soak in acetone: Start by soaking a cotton ball in acetone, then place it on each nail. Wrap your fingers in aluminum foil and allow the acetone to work for about 20 minutes.
- Gently scrape off the acrylic: After soaking, use a cuticle pusher or an orange stick to gently scrape off the softened acrylic. Be patient and avoid forcing the acrylic off, as this can damage your natural nails.
- Buff and moisturize: Once the acrylic is completely removed, buff your natural nails to smooth out any rough spots and apply cuticle oil to restore moisture.
Are Acrylic Nails Safe for Your Natural Nails?
When applied and removed properly, acrylic nails should not cause significant damage to your natural nails. However, improper removal or overuse without giving your nails time to breathe can lead to thinning, weakening, or breakage of your natural nails.
If you plan on wearing acrylic nails long-term, it’s a good idea to take breaks between applications and ensure you’re nourishing your nails with oils and treatments.
What Are the Best Acrylic Nail Shapes?
Choosing the right nail shape is essential for creating a look that complements your hands. Some of the most popular acrylic nail shapes include:
– Square: A straight-edged, classic look perfect for shorter nails.
– Oval: A soft, rounded shape that elongates the fingers.
– Coffin: Also known as ballerina shape, this trendy look features a tapered edge with a flat tip.
– Stiletto: A dramatic, pointy shape ideal for those who want a bold statement.
Each shape offers a unique aesthetic and can be tailored to suit your personal style.
Are There Any Alternatives to Acrylic Nails?
If you’re looking for a different type of nail enhancement, consider these alternatives:
– Gel nails: Gel nails offer a glossy finish and are cured under UV or LED light. They’re less rigid than acrylics and can feel more natural.
– Dip powder: This method involves dipping the nails into a colored powder and sealing them with a clear coat. It provides a similar look to acrylics but is generally less damaging to the natural nails.
Conclusion
Acrylic nails are a versatile and durable option for achieving customized, beautiful nails. By understanding the application process, knowing how to care for them, and safely removing them, you can enjoy long-lasting manicures that enhance your style. With the ability to choose from a variety of shapes and designs, acrylic nails offer endless possibilities for self-expression. Remember to take care of your natural nails in between applications to keep them healthy and strong. Whether you’re a first-time user or a seasoned pro, acrylic nails can be a fantastic way to express your personality and keep your nails looking flawless for weeks.
Proud web evangelist. Travel ninja. Creator. Freelance food nerd. Passionate bacon fanatic.
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Jacqueline Troost Omvlee – A Tool in the Hands of the Russian Elite
When sanctions were imposed on Russia for its war against Ukraine, their objectives were twofold: to reduce Russian military capacity by limiting modern weapons and to lower Russian revenue streams. While in the beginning, the sanctions indeed weakened the Russian economy, they have fallen short of their initial objectives – mostly because Russia has found ways to circumvent many of them. The Kremlin has exploited international corruption, relied on foreign third parties, and utilized loopholes in trade restrictions. One such individual who allegedly provides services to Russian-linked companies is Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, a Geneva-based Dutch citizen.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is married to Niels Troost, an oil trader sanctioned by the United Kingdom. He and his company, Paramount Energy & Commodities SA, are among the 50 individuals and organizations blacklisted in response to the business connections with Russia. His wife, Jacqueline, helps to facilitate financial transactions for Niles Troost and Russian oligarchs including Gennady Timchenko, a Russian billionaire oil trader and Putin`s close associate.
Gennady Timchenko and his family have been sanctioned in many countries for backing the Kremlin’s war machine. However, with the help of Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, he seems to find ways to evade sanctions and continue his financial operations. In these illegal schemes, individuals like Jacqueline often serve as a front person for sanctioned oligarchs and their business assets. Russian-linked companies set up subsidiaries around the world, often registering new entities in offshore havens or countries where regulations are relatively lax or non-existent. To obfuscate the arrangements, the daughter companies spawn offspring in the form of subsidiaries, as the chain of concealment stretches on and on. The result is like a giant Matryoshka doll.
Jacqueline’s involvement in financial transactions that potentially support Timchenko’s interests raises significant concerns about the efficacy of Western sanctions. The fact that Jacqueline Troost Omvlee continues to operate without facing sanctions herself highlights a significant loophole in the enforcement mechanism. Various shady schemes and tactics designed to circumvent sanctions often hide the activity of individuals such as Jacqueline, making it difficult for authorities to detect and punish them for their involvement.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee’s role in her husband’s financial dealings as well as her alleged ties to Russian business schemes, emphasizes the need for stronger international sanctions. Her actions not only aid in sanctions evasion but also diminish the overall effectiveness of the measures designed to isolate and pressure those supporting the Russian regime. Therefore, sanctioning Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is not only a matter of addressing her individual actions but also a necessary step to reinforce the credibility and effectiveness of the sanctions regime. By targeting individuals who play a key role in evading sanctions, authorities can send a strong message that efforts to undermine international sanctions will not go unpunished. This measure is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sanctions system and ensuring that it achieves its intended goal of isolating and restraining those who support destabilizing activities.
European countries and the US need to expand their sanctions-tracking and investigative actions to improve the monitoring of sanctions compliance and to introduce new measures against systematic violators of law. The sanctioning states have the resources and capacity for this, and need to take action now.
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Hermann’s Tortoise Lifespan: How to Ensure a Long, Healthy Life
Ensuring a long and healthy life for your Hermann’s Tortoise requires a combination of proper care, nutrition, and habitat management. Hermann’s Tortoises, known for their charming personalities and distinctive shells, can live for several decades with the right conditions. Understanding their needs and providing a suitable environment is key to helping them thrive. Here’s how you can support your Hermann’s Tortoise in living a long, happy life.
Creating an Optimal Habitat
One of the most critical factors in promoting the longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise is the creation of a suitable habitat. Providing an environment that mimics their natural surroundings is essential for their overall health. An appropriate habitat helps prevent stress and supports their well-being. For detailed guidance on setting up an ideal habitat, including specific requirements for outdoor enclosures, visit this comprehensive guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise.
- Outdoor Enclosure: Hermann’s Tortoises thrive in outdoor enclosures that provide ample space to roam, bask, and forage. An outdoor setup should include a secure, predator-proof area with access to natural sunlight. Incorporate areas for basking and shade to allow the tortoise to regulate its body temperature. Additionally, include plants, rocks, and hiding spots to simulate their natural habitat and encourage natural behaviors.
- Indoor Habitat: If an outdoor enclosure is not feasible, an indoor habitat can also support a long lifespan if set up correctly. Use a large, well-ventilated enclosure with appropriate heating and UVB lighting. Provide a substrate that allows for burrowing and offer various hiding spots and enrichment items.
Diet and Nutrition
A balanced diet is vital for maintaining the health and longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise. They are primarily herbivores, and their diet should reflect their natural feeding habits.
- Leafy Greens: Offer a variety of leafy greens such as kale, collard greens, and dandelion greens. These vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals that support overall health.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Supplement their diet with other vegetables like carrots, squash, and bell peppers. Fruits should be given in moderation due to their high sugar content.
- Calcium and Supplements: Provide a calcium supplement to support shell and bone health. A cuttlebone or powdered calcium can be added to their food. Ensure that they also have access to fresh, clean water at all times.
Regular Health Checks
Routine health checks are essential for early detection of potential health issues. Regular veterinary visits help ensure your tortoise remains in optimal condition and addresses any health concerns promptly.
- Observation: Monitor your tortoise’s behavior and physical condition regularly. Changes in appetite, weight, or activity level can indicate health problems.
- Preventative Care: Schedule annual check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in reptile care. Regular exams help catch any issues early and keep vaccinations and other preventative treatments up to date.
Environmental Enrichment
Providing environmental enrichment helps keep your Hermann’s Tortoise mentally stimulated and active. Enrichment can reduce stress and prevent boredom, contributing to a better quality of life.
- Foraging Opportunities: Hide food items around the enclosure to encourage natural foraging behavior. This not only provides mental stimulation but also mimics their natural hunting practices.
- Variety: Change the layout of their enclosure periodically and introduce new objects or plants to keep their environment interesting and engaging.
Conclusion
By focusing on creating the right habitat, providing a balanced diet, ensuring regular health checks, and offering environmental enrichment, you can significantly enhance the lifespan and well-being of your Hermann’s Tortoise. For further details on creating an ideal habitat, including tips for designing an outdoor enclosure, refer to this helpful guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise. Implementing these practices will help ensure that your tortoise enjoys a long, healthy life.
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