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Why many Indian citizens believe that their government is trying to sell their data on coronavirus applications
Back in May, he risked a six-month prison sentence or a $ 15 fine for refusing to download the application. Ghosh no care: He has greater concern about future data usage.
“I am not sure how the government will use my data. If they want, they can monitor me forever through location tracking on the application,” Ghosh said.
The Indian government states that most of the user’s personal data and location is ultimately deleted, but critics say the lack of Indian data protection laws makes millions of people potentially violate privacy. They also worried that private information could be sold by the government to private companies, or even be used for surveillance outside Covid-19 concerns.
Millions of users
The Aarogya Setu application was developed by the National Informatics Center, an ICT and e-governance body under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, in collaboration with voluntary technical experts from the private industry and academia.
Unlike many other countries’ contact tracking applications, Aarogya Setu uses Bluetooth and GPS location data to monitor the user’s application movements and proximity to others.
Users are asked to enter their name, telephone number, age, gender, profession, and country that they have visited in the past 30 days, as well as their previous health condition and self-assessment of Covid-19 related symptoms.
A unique digital ID (DID) is generated for each user, which is used for all future application-related transactions. Through GPS, the application records the location of each user every 15 minutes.
When two registered users come within Bluetooth range of each other, their application automatically exchanges DiD and records time and location. If one of the users tests positive for Covid-19, the information is uploaded from their mobile to the Indian government server and used for contact tracing.
On June 1, Aarogya Setu identified 200,000 people at risk and 3,500 Covid-19 hotspots, according to leading developer Lalitesh Katragadda, founder of Indihood, a private company that builds population-scale crowdsourcing platforms, and one of the voluntary private industries working with government agencies in the app.
“We have an efficacy rate of 24%, that is, 24% of all people who are estimated to have Covid-19 because the application was stated positive,” Katragadda said. This means that only about 1 in 4 people are suggested by the application to get a truly positive test.
Subhashis Bannerjee, professor of computer science and engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, said the combination of Bluetooth and GPS locations is likely to return higher levels of false positives and false negatives. For example, GPS is often unavailable or unreliable indoors, and Bluetooth exaggerates risks in large open spaces, across walls and floors, which radio waves can penetrate but viruses cannot.
Government protection
The Government of India states that adequate privacy and protection parameters have been established to ensure permanent erasure of application data.
“All contact tracking and location data on the mobile phone are deleted in the rolling 30 day cycle. The same data on the server is deleted 45 days from the upload unless you test positive. In this case all contact tracing and location information is deleted after 60 days after being declared cured,” said Abhishek Singh, CEO of MyGov in the Indian IT ministry.
“There is no way to check and verify whether total data destruction has occurred and if a third party sharing the data has also destroyed it,” said Apar Gupta, a lawyer and executive director of the IFF.
Responding to the call for further transparency, the Indian government opened the application source code on May 27 and announced a bug program to provide incentives for software experts to find security vulnerabilities in applications, to correct errors, if any.
On June 1, Singh from MyGov, said the government plans to release server code in a few weeks.
However, Katragadda said that even with server code, access to information about data sharing would be limited.
“It will never be possible to see exactly who the data is being shared with because for that we have to open up the sources of the entire government,” he said.
There are no data protection laws
The Personal Data Protection Bill imposes limits on how occupants’ personal data are used, processed and stored. If passed, the bill will also form a new oversight body – the Data Protection Authority (DPA) – to monitor compliance. Critics say the bill is flawed for a number of reasons, including that the law allows the government to free its departments from laws based on national security.
But at present, there is some protection for data in India.
“There is no legislative framework which means there is no official level of accountability. So, if there is a data accident, there will be no penalty, there will be no protection,” Gupta said.
“India has made a strategy to sell citizen data and thus make it a commodity by claiming ownership of Indian personal data, which is contrary to Indian people’s fundamental rights to privacy,” said Kodali, a public interest technology expert.
Last year, the Modi government sold vehicle registration and driver’s license data to 87 private companies for 65 rupees crore (around $ 8.7 million) without the residents’ consent. This caused a reaction with the opposition party to question the government’s motives and selling prices in parliament.
Despite government guarantees that all Aarogya Setu data will be deleted, Katragadda told CNN Business that some information from the application will be automatically transferred to the National Health Stack (NHS). NHS is a cloud-based health registrar, which is currently being developed, which will include a citizen health history, insurance coverage and claims.
“Any residual data from the Aarogya Setu application will automatically move to National Health Stack in the approval architecture, as soon as the health stack starts to take effect,” Katragadda said.
Residual data means any data that still exists on government servers when the NHS becomes active. That includes location, health, and personal data that has been downloaded to the server but has not been deleted within the timeframe set by the government, Katragadda said.
No date has been set yet for the NHS release, but Gupta from the IFF is worried, again, that there is no legal framework to protect data.
“Although it is repeatedly stated that consent will be the basis of information sharing, it is important to note that in both the Aarogya Setu and NHS applications, approval is incorporated into architecture which is a technical framework rather than a clear legal source of authority.”
Ticket to move
Like other countries that have introduced contact tracking applications, India says this technology is very important to stop the spread of the virus. On June 22, the country confirmed more than 410,000 cases and 13,254 deaths.
Citizens and activists also fear the creep function of the application, which means that information obtained through the application can be linked to other services.
“In the past we have seen that technological interventions by the government such as the Aadhar program, which were originally built to ensure that everyone has a digital identity, have become a pervasive system,” Gupta said.
“Originally built for the purpose of accessing government benefits and subsidies, it was immediately mandated to open a bank account, availing mobile numbers and continue your business.”
However, in 2018 a journalist discovered a security breach that revealed citizens’ personal details. The government introduced new security measures, but the scandal eroded confidence in its ability to keep data safe.
Before reducing its mandatory download orders, India is the only democratic country that requires millions of citizens to download applications. The only other countries that apply similar rules are Turkey and China. Activists say that’s just a concern.
“In terms of technology and public use, the largest democracy in the world draws from the Chinese handbook – using national security or public health crises to build digital models for collecting, monitoring and monitoring digital data,” said Vidushi Marda, a lawyer working on new technology and human rights.
“I would say this kind of complex technical architecture does not occur collectively in India, but there is a danger that they will be built through platforms such as National Health Stack,” Gupta said.
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Acrylic nails are a popular choice for those looking to add length, strength, and style to their natural nails. Whether you’re new to the world of acrylics or a seasoned nail enthusiast, there are always questions that arise about the application, maintenance, and overall care of these enhancements. This guide will answer all your acrylic nail questions to ensure your next manicure is a complete success.
What Are Acrylic Nails?
Acrylic nails are artificial nail enhancements made from a mixture of liquid monomer and powder polymer. When combined, they form a hard protective layer that can be molded into various shapes and lengths. Once hardened, they provide a durable and long-lasting canvas for nail polish, art, or simply a natural look. For more in-depth information, check out Acrylic Nail FAQs to get all the details you need before your next salon visit.
How Are Acrylic Nails Applied?
The application process of acrylic nails begins with the preparation of your natural nails. The nail technician will clean your nails, file them down, and apply a bonding agent to help the acrylic adhere. The acrylic mixture is then applied in thin layers, sculpted to the desired shape, and allowed to dry. Once set, the nails are filed, shaped, and buffed to a smooth finish.
Acrylic nails can be customized in terms of length and shape, making them a versatile choice for anyone looking to enhance their look.
How Long Do Acrylic Nails Last?
Typically, acrylic nails can last anywhere from two to three weeks before requiring a fill. During a fill, the nail technician will replace any grown-out acrylic and maintain the structure of the nails. With proper care, acrylic nails can be worn for extended periods, but it’s essential to give your natural nails a break occasionally to maintain nail health.
How Do You Care for Acrylic Nails?
Caring for acrylic nails is crucial to ensuring they last as long as possible and that your natural nails remain healthy underneath. Here are some essential tips:
- Avoid excessive water exposure: Prolonged exposure to water can weaken acrylic nails, making them prone to lifting or damage. When washing dishes or cleaning, consider wearing gloves to protect your nails.
- Moisturize cuticles regularly: The acrylic application process can sometimes dry out your cuticles. Regularly apply cuticle oil to keep your cuticles hydrated and prevent hangnails.
- Be gentle with your nails: Acrylics can be strong, but they’re not indestructible. Avoid using your nails as tools to open packages or scrape things, as this can lead to breakage.
- Schedule regular fills: As your natural nails grow, gaps will appear between the acrylic and your cuticles. Regular fills ensure your nails maintain a smooth, polished look and help prevent lifting.
How Do You Remove Acrylic Nails Safely?
Proper removal is crucial to avoid damaging your natural nails. It’s highly recommended to have acrylics removed by a professional at the salon. However, if you prefer to remove them at home, follow these steps:
- Soak in acetone: Start by soaking a cotton ball in acetone, then place it on each nail. Wrap your fingers in aluminum foil and allow the acetone to work for about 20 minutes.
- Gently scrape off the acrylic: After soaking, use a cuticle pusher or an orange stick to gently scrape off the softened acrylic. Be patient and avoid forcing the acrylic off, as this can damage your natural nails.
- Buff and moisturize: Once the acrylic is completely removed, buff your natural nails to smooth out any rough spots and apply cuticle oil to restore moisture.
Are Acrylic Nails Safe for Your Natural Nails?
When applied and removed properly, acrylic nails should not cause significant damage to your natural nails. However, improper removal or overuse without giving your nails time to breathe can lead to thinning, weakening, or breakage of your natural nails.
If you plan on wearing acrylic nails long-term, it’s a good idea to take breaks between applications and ensure you’re nourishing your nails with oils and treatments.
What Are the Best Acrylic Nail Shapes?
Choosing the right nail shape is essential for creating a look that complements your hands. Some of the most popular acrylic nail shapes include:
– Square: A straight-edged, classic look perfect for shorter nails.
– Oval: A soft, rounded shape that elongates the fingers.
– Coffin: Also known as ballerina shape, this trendy look features a tapered edge with a flat tip.
– Stiletto: A dramatic, pointy shape ideal for those who want a bold statement.
Each shape offers a unique aesthetic and can be tailored to suit your personal style.
Are There Any Alternatives to Acrylic Nails?
If you’re looking for a different type of nail enhancement, consider these alternatives:
– Gel nails: Gel nails offer a glossy finish and are cured under UV or LED light. They’re less rigid than acrylics and can feel more natural.
– Dip powder: This method involves dipping the nails into a colored powder and sealing them with a clear coat. It provides a similar look to acrylics but is generally less damaging to the natural nails.
Conclusion
Acrylic nails are a versatile and durable option for achieving customized, beautiful nails. By understanding the application process, knowing how to care for them, and safely removing them, you can enjoy long-lasting manicures that enhance your style. With the ability to choose from a variety of shapes and designs, acrylic nails offer endless possibilities for self-expression. Remember to take care of your natural nails in between applications to keep them healthy and strong. Whether you’re a first-time user or a seasoned pro, acrylic nails can be a fantastic way to express your personality and keep your nails looking flawless for weeks.
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When sanctions were imposed on Russia for its war against Ukraine, their objectives were twofold: to reduce Russian military capacity by limiting modern weapons and to lower Russian revenue streams. While in the beginning, the sanctions indeed weakened the Russian economy, they have fallen short of their initial objectives – mostly because Russia has found ways to circumvent many of them. The Kremlin has exploited international corruption, relied on foreign third parties, and utilized loopholes in trade restrictions. One such individual who allegedly provides services to Russian-linked companies is Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, a Geneva-based Dutch citizen.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is married to Niels Troost, an oil trader sanctioned by the United Kingdom. He and his company, Paramount Energy & Commodities SA, are among the 50 individuals and organizations blacklisted in response to the business connections with Russia. His wife, Jacqueline, helps to facilitate financial transactions for Niles Troost and Russian oligarchs including Gennady Timchenko, a Russian billionaire oil trader and Putin`s close associate.
Gennady Timchenko and his family have been sanctioned in many countries for backing the Kremlin’s war machine. However, with the help of Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, he seems to find ways to evade sanctions and continue his financial operations. In these illegal schemes, individuals like Jacqueline often serve as a front person for sanctioned oligarchs and their business assets. Russian-linked companies set up subsidiaries around the world, often registering new entities in offshore havens or countries where regulations are relatively lax or non-existent. To obfuscate the arrangements, the daughter companies spawn offspring in the form of subsidiaries, as the chain of concealment stretches on and on. The result is like a giant Matryoshka doll.
Jacqueline’s involvement in financial transactions that potentially support Timchenko’s interests raises significant concerns about the efficacy of Western sanctions. The fact that Jacqueline Troost Omvlee continues to operate without facing sanctions herself highlights a significant loophole in the enforcement mechanism. Various shady schemes and tactics designed to circumvent sanctions often hide the activity of individuals such as Jacqueline, making it difficult for authorities to detect and punish them for their involvement.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee’s role in her husband’s financial dealings as well as her alleged ties to Russian business schemes, emphasizes the need for stronger international sanctions. Her actions not only aid in sanctions evasion but also diminish the overall effectiveness of the measures designed to isolate and pressure those supporting the Russian regime. Therefore, sanctioning Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is not only a matter of addressing her individual actions but also a necessary step to reinforce the credibility and effectiveness of the sanctions regime. By targeting individuals who play a key role in evading sanctions, authorities can send a strong message that efforts to undermine international sanctions will not go unpunished. This measure is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sanctions system and ensuring that it achieves its intended goal of isolating and restraining those who support destabilizing activities.
European countries and the US need to expand their sanctions-tracking and investigative actions to improve the monitoring of sanctions compliance and to introduce new measures against systematic violators of law. The sanctioning states have the resources and capacity for this, and need to take action now.
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Ensuring a long and healthy life for your Hermann’s Tortoise requires a combination of proper care, nutrition, and habitat management. Hermann’s Tortoises, known for their charming personalities and distinctive shells, can live for several decades with the right conditions. Understanding their needs and providing a suitable environment is key to helping them thrive. Here’s how you can support your Hermann’s Tortoise in living a long, happy life.
Creating an Optimal Habitat
One of the most critical factors in promoting the longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise is the creation of a suitable habitat. Providing an environment that mimics their natural surroundings is essential for their overall health. An appropriate habitat helps prevent stress and supports their well-being. For detailed guidance on setting up an ideal habitat, including specific requirements for outdoor enclosures, visit this comprehensive guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise.
- Outdoor Enclosure: Hermann’s Tortoises thrive in outdoor enclosures that provide ample space to roam, bask, and forage. An outdoor setup should include a secure, predator-proof area with access to natural sunlight. Incorporate areas for basking and shade to allow the tortoise to regulate its body temperature. Additionally, include plants, rocks, and hiding spots to simulate their natural habitat and encourage natural behaviors.
- Indoor Habitat: If an outdoor enclosure is not feasible, an indoor habitat can also support a long lifespan if set up correctly. Use a large, well-ventilated enclosure with appropriate heating and UVB lighting. Provide a substrate that allows for burrowing and offer various hiding spots and enrichment items.
Diet and Nutrition
A balanced diet is vital for maintaining the health and longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise. They are primarily herbivores, and their diet should reflect their natural feeding habits.
- Leafy Greens: Offer a variety of leafy greens such as kale, collard greens, and dandelion greens. These vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals that support overall health.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Supplement their diet with other vegetables like carrots, squash, and bell peppers. Fruits should be given in moderation due to their high sugar content.
- Calcium and Supplements: Provide a calcium supplement to support shell and bone health. A cuttlebone or powdered calcium can be added to their food. Ensure that they also have access to fresh, clean water at all times.
Regular Health Checks
Routine health checks are essential for early detection of potential health issues. Regular veterinary visits help ensure your tortoise remains in optimal condition and addresses any health concerns promptly.
- Observation: Monitor your tortoise’s behavior and physical condition regularly. Changes in appetite, weight, or activity level can indicate health problems.
- Preventative Care: Schedule annual check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in reptile care. Regular exams help catch any issues early and keep vaccinations and other preventative treatments up to date.
Environmental Enrichment
Providing environmental enrichment helps keep your Hermann’s Tortoise mentally stimulated and active. Enrichment can reduce stress and prevent boredom, contributing to a better quality of life.
- Foraging Opportunities: Hide food items around the enclosure to encourage natural foraging behavior. This not only provides mental stimulation but also mimics their natural hunting practices.
- Variety: Change the layout of their enclosure periodically and introduce new objects or plants to keep their environment interesting and engaging.
Conclusion
By focusing on creating the right habitat, providing a balanced diet, ensuring regular health checks, and offering environmental enrichment, you can significantly enhance the lifespan and well-being of your Hermann’s Tortoise. For further details on creating an ideal habitat, including tips for designing an outdoor enclosure, refer to this helpful guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise. Implementing these practices will help ensure that your tortoise enjoys a long, healthy life.
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