Tech
Watching the death of a rare giant star
NASA/ESA/Hubble
Artist’s impression of the red hypergiant VY Canis Major.
A team of astronomers led by the University of Arizona has created a detailed 3D image of the dying giant star.
A team led by researchers Ambesh Singh and Lucy Ziuris of the University of Arizona traced the distribution, directions and velocities of various molecules around a red hypergiant star known as VY Canis Major.
Their findings, which they presented on June 13 at the 240th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Pasadena, California, offer unprecedented insight into the death of giant stars.
The work was carried out with collaborators Robert Humphreys of the University of Minnesota and Anita Richards of the University of Manchester, UK.
As extreme supergiantsalso known as hypergiants, are very rare and few exist in the Milky Way.
Examples include Betelgeuse, the second brightest star in the constellation of Orion, and NML Cygnus, also known as V1489 Cygnus, in the direction of the constellation Cygnus.
Unlike lower-mass stars, which are more likely to swell as they transition to the red giant phase but generally retain a spherical shape, hypergiants tend to undergo substantial mass losses as they form. structures complex and very irregular consists of arcs, clusters and nodes.
Located about 3009 light-years from Earth, VY Canis Major – or VY CMa for short – is a pulsating variable star in the constellation Canis Major.
Covering a range of 10,000 to 15,000 astronomical units (1 astronomical unit or AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, about 150 million kilometers), VY CMa is possibly the most massive star in the Milky Wayaccording to Zyurys.
“Think of it like Betelgeuse on steroids,” said Ziuris, regent professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Arizona and the Steward Observatory. “It’s much bigger, much more massive, and erupts every 200 years or so.”
The team chose to study VY CMa because it is considered one of the best examples of this type of star.
“We are particularly interested in what hypergiants do at the end of their lives,” said Singh, a fourth-year doctoral student and member of the Ziuris lab. “People used to think these massive stars were just went supernovabut we are no longer sure.
“If that were the case, we would see many more supernova explosions across the sky,” Zyurys added. “Now we think they might collapse into black holes silently, but we don’t know which ones end up this way, or why or how.”
Previous images of VY CMa by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and spectroscopy have shown distinct arcs and other clusters and nodes, many of which extend thousands of astronomical units from the central star.
To uncover more details about the processes by which hypergiant stars end their lives, the team began tracking specific molecules around the hypergiant and matching them to existing images of dust taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.
“No one has been able to get a complete picture of this star,” Zyuris said, explaining that his team set out to understand the mechanisms by which the star’s mass is released, which appear to be different from those of the smaller stars that make up the star. , your red giant stage at the end their lives.
“You don’t see this beautiful symmetrical mass loss, but convection cells that “shoot through” the star’s photosphere like giant bullets and eject mass in different directions,” Zyuris said. “They are similar to the coronal arcs seen on the Sun, but a billion times larger.”
The team used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile to track various molecules in material ejected from the star’s surface.
While some observations are still ongoing, preliminary maps have been made for sulfur oxide, sulfur dioxide, silica, phosphorus oxide, and sodium chloride. Based on these data, the team built an image of the structure of the global molecular stream VY CMa on a scale covering all the material ejected by the star.
“How molecules trace the arcs on the bodywhich tells us that the molecules and dust are well mixed,” said Singh.
“What’s great about molecular radio waves is that they give us speed information, unlike dust emissions, which are static,” he added.
By moving ALMA’s 48 antennas into various configurations, the researchers were able to obtain information about the directions and velocities of the molecules and map them to different regions of the hypergiant envelope in great detail, even correlating them with different mass ejection events over time. .
According to Singh, processing the data required some “hard work” in terms of processing power.
“At the moment we have processed almost a terabyte ALMA and we are still getting data that we have to analyze to get the best resolution possible,” he said.
“Only calibration and data cleansing requires up to 20,000 iterations, which takes a day or two for each molecule,” he adds.
“Thanks to these observations, we can now map them in the sky,” Zyurys added. “So far, only small parts of this huge structure have been studied, but you cannot understand the loss of mass and how these large stars die unless you look at the entire region. That’s why we wanted to create the complete picture.”
With financial support from the NSF (National Science Foundation), the team plans to publish their findings in cycle of scientific articles.
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NASA Lander InSight He has delivered what may be his last message from Mars as he embarks on a historic mission to uncover the secrets of the Red Planet’s interior.
In November, the space agency warned that the probe could be running out of time as dust continued to condense and stifle InSight’s power.
“Spacecraft power generation continues to decline as windblown dust accumulates on solar panels,” NASA said in a statement. Update November 2. “The end is expected to come in the coming weeks.”
message shared NASA The InSight Twitter account tweeted on Monday: “My power is very low so this might be the last photo I can upload. Don’t worry about me: my time here has been productive and uneventful. If I can keep talking to my mission team, I will—but I will.” Subscribe here soon. Thank you for staying with me.”
My power is very low, so this might be the last photo I can upload. But don’t worry about me: my time here has been productive and uneventful. If I can keep talking to my mission team, I will, but I’ll sign here soon. Thank you for staying with me. pic.twitter.com/wkYKww15kQ
— NASA InSight (@NASAInSight) December 19, 2022
A geologist robot armed with a hammer and a seismograph first reached the barren expanse of Elysium Planitia in November 2018.
Since then, she has carried out geological excavations, taking the first measurements of earthquakes with a high-tech seismometer placed right on the surface of Mars.
Last month, the solar-powered car released an update to remind us of its time in space.
“I was lucky to live on two planets. Four years ago I made it safely to the second one, much to the joy of my family at first. Thanks to my team for taking me on this journey of discovery. I hope I can be proud of you.”
According to the published mission, Insight has measured more than 1,300 seismic events since it was published, and more than 50 of them had signals clear enough for the team to extract information about their location on Mars. Results.
The probe’s data also provided detailed information about Mars’ interior, liquid core, surprisingly variable remnants beneath the surface of an extinct magnetic field, climate and seismic activity.
old for Its launch in 2018NASA Chief Scientist Jim Green said the mission was “fundamental to understanding the origins of our solar system and how it became what it is today.”
NASA will not declare the mission complete until Insight confirms the arrival of two spacecraft orbiting Mars that are relaying their information back to Earth.
In 2018, the veteran rover announced the capabilities end of his 15 year stay Sending an incomplete photo of the Valley of Perseverance.
A severe dust storm darkened the sky around the solar-powered rover, shattering the sun and leaving behind a dark image with white spots due to camera noise. The transmission is interrupted before the complete image can be transmitted.
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Being very close companies, OPPO and OnePlus have decided to create a new partnership, with the latter being a pioneer in the market. It has become the representative of the best smartphones in the group, and this will be seen very soon.
Proving this, OnePlus has announced that it will have news soon. The following brand assets will be announced on February 7, 2023. We are talking about OnePlus 11 5G and Buds Pro 2.
In recent years, OnePlus has been showcasing new hardware in an attempt to find a new place in the market. The brand has not always seen its full potential, betting on mid-range or entry-level smartphones.
The situation is changing, and the novelty will go on sale in early 2023, February 7. It is on this day that the new OnePlus 11 5G will be presented with all the expected news. We definitely have the new Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 SoC here. There's still 16GB of storage left and 256GB of onboard storage.
It is expected that he will receive a 6.7-inch OLED display with a resolution of 1440p and a frequency of 120 Hz. In the field of photography, we will have an important change: a 50 MP main camera, a 48 MP ultra wide-angle camera and a 32 MP telephoto lens with 2x zoom. For selfies and video calls, you'll have a 16-megapixel camera.
The photography partnership with Hasselblad will continue with OnePlus for fine-tuning and some additions. This alliance has brought important results for the best smartphones of the brand, guaranteeing the best photos in any situation.
In addition to the new OnePlus 11 5G, another brand new feature is also expected to arrive at the event. We're talking about the Buds Pro 2, which are solidifying an audio commitment that's becoming more of a reality. The brand promises "rich stereo quality sound with crystal clear clarity".
Stays like this marked by the beginning of February, another important novelty will enter the market. OnePlus wants to reclaim its place, and that will be the brand's bet for years to come. OnePlus 11 5G and Buds Pro 2 take the first step in this direction.
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According to information provided by Mukul Sharma, the unidentified POCO device can be identified by the model number 22127PC95I. Due to the fact that it was first seen online, the marketing name of this equipment is still a mystery.
POCO has not launched new mobile devices, including smartphones, to the market for some time now. On the other hand, several POCO smartphones such as POKO X5 and X5 Pro have been spotted on various certification sites, suggesting that the company will release these products soon. Today a new smartphone from the sub-brand xiaomi has been spotted on the BIS India website but the device does not have a name or any other details associated with it.
A new POCO device (model number 22127PC95I) has been included in the Indian BIS certification. POCO F5 has the model number 23013PC75I. #A LITTLE pic.twitter.com/NAFloP5Crt
— Mukul Sharma (@stufflistings) December 19, 2022
According to information provided by Mukul Sharma, the unidentified POCO device can be identified by the model number 22127PC95I. Due to the fact that it was first seen online, the marketing name of this equipment is still a mystery. It is possible that it will debut as a mid-range smartphone. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) website, other than the model number of the smartphone, does not provide any additional information about the device. However, this seems to indicate that the product will be available in the Indian market very soon.
In other related news, POCO X5 5G has recently been seen on several certification sites including SIRIM in Malaysia, BIS in India and the US FCC. According to various sources, it is possible that this is a renamed or modified version Redmi Note 12 5Gwhich was recently released in China.
It is supposed to be equipped screen 6.67″ AMOLED display with 120Hz refresh rate and chipset Snapdragon 4 Gen 1 inside. Can run MIUI 13 based on android 12 and have LPDDR4x RAM in addition to UFS 2.2 storage. The front camera is rumored to be 8MP while the main rear camera will be 48MP with 2MP depth. May have the ability drums 5000 mAh and 33W fast charging support.
In addition POCO X5 Pro 5G has recently been seen on various sites dedicated to certification. The battery is said to have a capacity of 5000 mAh and can charge at 67W. It will come with MIUI 14 preinstalled and will support n5, n7, n38, n41, n77 and n78 network bands. 5G.
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