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Stanley Ho’s flight to Macau in World War II laid the foundation for his wealth. But it is not without controversy
But before Ho makes Macao, he must make it himself.
Born in 1921, Ho had a difficult time when his father fled to Saigon, after his business collapsed in the late 1920s, leaving the family side penniless. Not long after, World War II broke out.
After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Britain and America declared war on Japan. Japanese troops invaded the British colony of Hong Kong where, despite fierce resistance, the city fell on Christmas Day.
Ho, who had worked as an air raid guard, threw away his uniform for fear of being executed when Hong Kong was under Japanese domination, he recalled in Jill McGivering’s book, “Macao Remembers.”
But unlike the thousands who died of starvation, in battle or in Japanese hands, Ho had a choice.
His great-uncle was Sir Robert Hotung, a rich comprador from Eurasia, who was the first Chinese to live in the Peak of Hong Kong, a wealthy district where only Westerners were allowed to live.
In the 1940s, Sir Robert lived in Macao, and invited Ho, then 20 years old, to join him in the Portuguese colony where many opportunities awaited.
In the 1990s, Ho told historian Philip Snow, who wrote a book about the fall of Hong Kong and the Japanese occupation: “I made a lot of money from the war.”
This is how he does it.
Macau: City of Peace
In the early 1940s, with most of China under Japanese control, Macau found itself in a unique position in Asian theater.
Portugal remained neutral in the war, until 1944, and as such, Macau was also considered a neutral territory. This colony is managed by the Portuguese Governor Gabriel Maurício Teixeira, and Dr. The enigmatic Pedro José Lobo, known only as Dr. Lobo.
Japan, however, controls the seas and ports around Macao. That means Macau must work with Japan to allow food and supplies to enter the colony. For Teixeira and Lobo, it is a fragile balance between maintaining the neutral integrity of the region and avoiding open collaboration with Japan.
Wartime conditions were very difficult in Macao. Short food supplies, rampant inflation and colonies have to deal with a growing number of Chinese and European refugees. Smuggling and black market developing.
To solve this problem Lobo created the Macao Cooperative Company (CCM), and Lobo asked Sir Robert Hotung if there was someone he could trust to work as a Corporate Secretary.
Sir Robert recommends Ho.
The CCM is arguably the most important institution in Macao during the war – the organization that fed the colonies. Its main role is to keep Macau alive economically, to be able to feed itself, and to balance fragile relations with Japan.
That one third is owned by Lobo, one third is owned by the richest Portuguese family of Macao, and the last third is owned by the Japanese Army.
Ho knew the settings when he joined.
In an interview with Simon Holberton of the Financial Times more than half a century later, Ho said: “I am responsible for the barter system, helping the Macau government to exchange machinery and equipment with Japan, in return for rice, sugar, beans.
“I was a semi-government official at the time. I was an intermediary.”
King of kerosene
As Secretary of the CMM, Ho was authorized by Lobo to feed Macau by exchanging whatever the island offered.
This is not office work. Ho must regularly travel by ship on payment to receive goods and bring them back to Macau. His work involved playing from Portuguese authorities, the Japanese military, triad gangs, and various Chinese factions.
In his memoir, Ho recalls that his first and most urgent task was learning Portuguese and Japanese because his job was to barter between the two.
There is an element of courage to live Ho in wartime Macao. Sailing rice, vegetables, beans, flour, sugar and other supplies between Indo-Chinese French and Macao, along the southern Chinese coast and around Hainan Island, means avoiding pirate gangs that will carry your gold on your way out and stock up on ships enter.
Chinese guerrillas or nationalist Communists are equally interested in securing supplies or money for themselves, and many see CCM’s activities as collaboration with the enemy.
Japanese navy ships were known to fire on all kinds of civilian craft temporarily, later in the war, according to historian Geoffrey Gunn, American and British submarines were responsible for sinking whatever ships they thought were dealing with Japan.
Around this time, Ho opened a kerosene factory when the general fuel supply was running out, according to Joe Studwell, who conducted many interviews with Ho’s family colleagues for his book “Asian Godfathers.”
Near the end of the war, the Americans – worried that Japan would completely take over Macau and use it as a base to defend southern China and Hong Kong – bombed the Macao petrol terminal in early 1945 to refuse supplies to the Japanese navy and air force. compel.
The attack, wiping out the only other source of Macao kerosene, inadvertently made Ho important for the continued functioning of Macau and very rich.
Controversy
After the war, Ho faced criticism that he had collaborated with Japan.
But the neutrality of the Macao war was always influenced by Japan – especially after the fall of Hong Kong. And in 1943, when Tokyo demanded the installation of a Japanese advisor to oversee Macau, a virtual Japanese protectorate was created on the island. Contact is unavoidable. Ho claimed to have given Colonel Sawa, the head of the Japanese military’s secret police in Macau, an English lesson.
However, the Chinese Nationalist government, which has been aggressively fighting against Tokyo since 1937, considers Ho and CMM business transactions dangerous and supports Japan’s war on China.
Chinese officials tried to arrest Ho for collaboration, but, according to his own account of the effort, the Portuguese colonial police protected him. By the end of 1945, Ho had become too entrenched, too important for the Makaca economy to be surrendered by the Portuguese government to China.
In his defense, Ho wrote that when he asked why he had to work with the Japanese with their treatment of the Chinese, and claimed he was told that “it was the Portuguese government’s order” and that “without food the Macao people would starve.”
After the war
At the end of World War II in 1945, Stanley Ho had obtained four important things – first, he had strengthened a lifelong relationship with Lobo, the unofficial big boss of Macao.
Then, in 1942, he married the daughter of a wealthy Portuguese family, giving him protection and social position. Third, he collected a lot of money and became a millionaire on his 24th birthday. Fourth, he established businesses in the trade of rice, kerosene and construction.
Within a few weeks after the Japanese surrender in August 1945, Ho returned to Hong Kong to make strategic investments, such as buying a ship to start the first post-war ferry service between the two colonies.
He has cash, position, family and good friends in useful positions.
He was ready to remake Macao and invest heavily in post-war Hong Kong. In his memoir about that period Ho wrote: “Macau was heaven during the war.”
As they say, Ho has a very good war.
Acrylic nails are a popular choice for those looking to add length, strength, and style to their natural nails. Whether you’re new to the world of acrylics or a seasoned nail enthusiast, there are always questions that arise about the application, maintenance, and overall care of these enhancements. This guide will answer all your acrylic nail questions to ensure your next manicure is a complete success.
What Are Acrylic Nails?
Acrylic nails are artificial nail enhancements made from a mixture of liquid monomer and powder polymer. When combined, they form a hard protective layer that can be molded into various shapes and lengths. Once hardened, they provide a durable and long-lasting canvas for nail polish, art, or simply a natural look. For more in-depth information, check out Acrylic Nail FAQs to get all the details you need before your next salon visit.
How Are Acrylic Nails Applied?
The application process of acrylic nails begins with the preparation of your natural nails. The nail technician will clean your nails, file them down, and apply a bonding agent to help the acrylic adhere. The acrylic mixture is then applied in thin layers, sculpted to the desired shape, and allowed to dry. Once set, the nails are filed, shaped, and buffed to a smooth finish.
Acrylic nails can be customized in terms of length and shape, making them a versatile choice for anyone looking to enhance their look.
How Long Do Acrylic Nails Last?
Typically, acrylic nails can last anywhere from two to three weeks before requiring a fill. During a fill, the nail technician will replace any grown-out acrylic and maintain the structure of the nails. With proper care, acrylic nails can be worn for extended periods, but it’s essential to give your natural nails a break occasionally to maintain nail health.
How Do You Care for Acrylic Nails?
Caring for acrylic nails is crucial to ensuring they last as long as possible and that your natural nails remain healthy underneath. Here are some essential tips:
- Avoid excessive water exposure: Prolonged exposure to water can weaken acrylic nails, making them prone to lifting or damage. When washing dishes or cleaning, consider wearing gloves to protect your nails.
- Moisturize cuticles regularly: The acrylic application process can sometimes dry out your cuticles. Regularly apply cuticle oil to keep your cuticles hydrated and prevent hangnails.
- Be gentle with your nails: Acrylics can be strong, but they’re not indestructible. Avoid using your nails as tools to open packages or scrape things, as this can lead to breakage.
- Schedule regular fills: As your natural nails grow, gaps will appear between the acrylic and your cuticles. Regular fills ensure your nails maintain a smooth, polished look and help prevent lifting.
How Do You Remove Acrylic Nails Safely?
Proper removal is crucial to avoid damaging your natural nails. It’s highly recommended to have acrylics removed by a professional at the salon. However, if you prefer to remove them at home, follow these steps:
- Soak in acetone: Start by soaking a cotton ball in acetone, then place it on each nail. Wrap your fingers in aluminum foil and allow the acetone to work for about 20 minutes.
- Gently scrape off the acrylic: After soaking, use a cuticle pusher or an orange stick to gently scrape off the softened acrylic. Be patient and avoid forcing the acrylic off, as this can damage your natural nails.
- Buff and moisturize: Once the acrylic is completely removed, buff your natural nails to smooth out any rough spots and apply cuticle oil to restore moisture.
Are Acrylic Nails Safe for Your Natural Nails?
When applied and removed properly, acrylic nails should not cause significant damage to your natural nails. However, improper removal or overuse without giving your nails time to breathe can lead to thinning, weakening, or breakage of your natural nails.
If you plan on wearing acrylic nails long-term, it’s a good idea to take breaks between applications and ensure you’re nourishing your nails with oils and treatments.
What Are the Best Acrylic Nail Shapes?
Choosing the right nail shape is essential for creating a look that complements your hands. Some of the most popular acrylic nail shapes include:
– Square: A straight-edged, classic look perfect for shorter nails.
– Oval: A soft, rounded shape that elongates the fingers.
– Coffin: Also known as ballerina shape, this trendy look features a tapered edge with a flat tip.
– Stiletto: A dramatic, pointy shape ideal for those who want a bold statement.
Each shape offers a unique aesthetic and can be tailored to suit your personal style.
Are There Any Alternatives to Acrylic Nails?
If you’re looking for a different type of nail enhancement, consider these alternatives:
– Gel nails: Gel nails offer a glossy finish and are cured under UV or LED light. They’re less rigid than acrylics and can feel more natural.
– Dip powder: This method involves dipping the nails into a colored powder and sealing them with a clear coat. It provides a similar look to acrylics but is generally less damaging to the natural nails.
Conclusion
Acrylic nails are a versatile and durable option for achieving customized, beautiful nails. By understanding the application process, knowing how to care for them, and safely removing them, you can enjoy long-lasting manicures that enhance your style. With the ability to choose from a variety of shapes and designs, acrylic nails offer endless possibilities for self-expression. Remember to take care of your natural nails in between applications to keep them healthy and strong. Whether you’re a first-time user or a seasoned pro, acrylic nails can be a fantastic way to express your personality and keep your nails looking flawless for weeks.
When sanctions were imposed on Russia for its war against Ukraine, their objectives were twofold: to reduce Russian military capacity by limiting modern weapons and to lower Russian revenue streams. While in the beginning, the sanctions indeed weakened the Russian economy, they have fallen short of their initial objectives – mostly because Russia has found ways to circumvent many of them. The Kremlin has exploited international corruption, relied on foreign third parties, and utilized loopholes in trade restrictions. One such individual who allegedly provides services to Russian-linked companies is Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, a Geneva-based Dutch citizen.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is married to Niels Troost, an oil trader sanctioned by the United Kingdom. He and his company, Paramount Energy & Commodities SA, are among the 50 individuals and organizations blacklisted in response to the business connections with Russia. His wife, Jacqueline, helps to facilitate financial transactions for Niles Troost and Russian oligarchs including Gennady Timchenko, a Russian billionaire oil trader and Putin`s close associate.
Gennady Timchenko and his family have been sanctioned in many countries for backing the Kremlin’s war machine. However, with the help of Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, he seems to find ways to evade sanctions and continue his financial operations. In these illegal schemes, individuals like Jacqueline often serve as a front person for sanctioned oligarchs and their business assets. Russian-linked companies set up subsidiaries around the world, often registering new entities in offshore havens or countries where regulations are relatively lax or non-existent. To obfuscate the arrangements, the daughter companies spawn offspring in the form of subsidiaries, as the chain of concealment stretches on and on. The result is like a giant Matryoshka doll.
Jacqueline’s involvement in financial transactions that potentially support Timchenko’s interests raises significant concerns about the efficacy of Western sanctions. The fact that Jacqueline Troost Omvlee continues to operate without facing sanctions herself highlights a significant loophole in the enforcement mechanism. Various shady schemes and tactics designed to circumvent sanctions often hide the activity of individuals such as Jacqueline, making it difficult for authorities to detect and punish them for their involvement.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee’s role in her husband’s financial dealings as well as her alleged ties to Russian business schemes, emphasizes the need for stronger international sanctions. Her actions not only aid in sanctions evasion but also diminish the overall effectiveness of the measures designed to isolate and pressure those supporting the Russian regime. Therefore, sanctioning Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is not only a matter of addressing her individual actions but also a necessary step to reinforce the credibility and effectiveness of the sanctions regime. By targeting individuals who play a key role in evading sanctions, authorities can send a strong message that efforts to undermine international sanctions will not go unpunished. This measure is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sanctions system and ensuring that it achieves its intended goal of isolating and restraining those who support destabilizing activities.
European countries and the US need to expand their sanctions-tracking and investigative actions to improve the monitoring of sanctions compliance and to introduce new measures against systematic violators of law. The sanctioning states have the resources and capacity for this, and need to take action now.
Ensuring a long and healthy life for your Hermann’s Tortoise requires a combination of proper care, nutrition, and habitat management. Hermann’s Tortoises, known for their charming personalities and distinctive shells, can live for several decades with the right conditions. Understanding their needs and providing a suitable environment is key to helping them thrive. Here’s how you can support your Hermann’s Tortoise in living a long, happy life.
Creating an Optimal Habitat
One of the most critical factors in promoting the longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise is the creation of a suitable habitat. Providing an environment that mimics their natural surroundings is essential for their overall health. An appropriate habitat helps prevent stress and supports their well-being. For detailed guidance on setting up an ideal habitat, including specific requirements for outdoor enclosures, visit this comprehensive guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise.
- Outdoor Enclosure: Hermann’s Tortoises thrive in outdoor enclosures that provide ample space to roam, bask, and forage. An outdoor setup should include a secure, predator-proof area with access to natural sunlight. Incorporate areas for basking and shade to allow the tortoise to regulate its body temperature. Additionally, include plants, rocks, and hiding spots to simulate their natural habitat and encourage natural behaviors.
- Indoor Habitat: If an outdoor enclosure is not feasible, an indoor habitat can also support a long lifespan if set up correctly. Use a large, well-ventilated enclosure with appropriate heating and UVB lighting. Provide a substrate that allows for burrowing and offer various hiding spots and enrichment items.
Diet and Nutrition
A balanced diet is vital for maintaining the health and longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise. They are primarily herbivores, and their diet should reflect their natural feeding habits.
- Leafy Greens: Offer a variety of leafy greens such as kale, collard greens, and dandelion greens. These vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals that support overall health.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Supplement their diet with other vegetables like carrots, squash, and bell peppers. Fruits should be given in moderation due to their high sugar content.
- Calcium and Supplements: Provide a calcium supplement to support shell and bone health. A cuttlebone or powdered calcium can be added to their food. Ensure that they also have access to fresh, clean water at all times.
Regular Health Checks
Routine health checks are essential for early detection of potential health issues. Regular veterinary visits help ensure your tortoise remains in optimal condition and addresses any health concerns promptly.
- Observation: Monitor your tortoise’s behavior and physical condition regularly. Changes in appetite, weight, or activity level can indicate health problems.
- Preventative Care: Schedule annual check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in reptile care. Regular exams help catch any issues early and keep vaccinations and other preventative treatments up to date.
Environmental Enrichment
Providing environmental enrichment helps keep your Hermann’s Tortoise mentally stimulated and active. Enrichment can reduce stress and prevent boredom, contributing to a better quality of life.
- Foraging Opportunities: Hide food items around the enclosure to encourage natural foraging behavior. This not only provides mental stimulation but also mimics their natural hunting practices.
- Variety: Change the layout of their enclosure periodically and introduce new objects or plants to keep their environment interesting and engaging.
Conclusion
By focusing on creating the right habitat, providing a balanced diet, ensuring regular health checks, and offering environmental enrichment, you can significantly enhance the lifespan and well-being of your Hermann’s Tortoise. For further details on creating an ideal habitat, including tips for designing an outdoor enclosure, refer to this helpful guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise. Implementing these practices will help ensure that your tortoise enjoys a long, healthy life.
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