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Scaled “shadows” of two colliding supermassive black holes
The process of merging supermassive black holes has a new way to measure the vacuum
Scientists have found a way to quantify the “shadows” of two colliding supermassive black holes, giving astronomers a potential new tool to measure black holes in distant galaxies and test alternative gravitational theories.
Three years ago, the world was shocked by the first image of a black hole. A black hole from nowhere, surrounded by a ring of fiery light. This iconic image[{” attribute=””>black hole at the center of galaxy Messier 87 came into focus thanks to the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global network of synchronized radio dishes acting as one giant telescope.
Now, a pair of Columbia researchers have devised a potentially easier way of gazing into the abyss. Outlined in complementary research studies in Physical Review Letters and Physical Review D, their imaging technique could allow astronomers to study black holes smaller than M87’s, a monster with a mass of 6.5 billion suns, harbored in galaxies more distant than M87, which at 55 million light-years away, is still relatively close to our own Milky Way.
Simulation of gravitational lensing in a pair of supermassive compact black holes. Credit: Jordy Devalar
This technique has only two requirements. First, you need a pair of supermassive black holes in the middle of a merger. Secondly, you should be looking at the pair from a roughly lateral angle. From this side view, as one black hole passes in front of another, you should see a flash of bright light as the black hole’s bright ring is magnified by the black hole closest to you, a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing.
The lensing effect is well known, but what the researchers found here was a subtle sign: a characteristic dip in brightness corresponding to the “shadow” of a black hole in the background. This subtle dimming can last from hours to days, depending on the size of the black holes and the entanglement of their orbits. If you measure how long the fall lasts, the researchers say, you can estimate the size and shape of the shadow cast by a black hole’s event horizon, a cul-de-sac from which nothing, not even light, escapes.
In this simulation of a pair of merged supermassive black holes, the black hole closest to the observer approaches and therefore appears blue (Box 1), inflating the redshifted black hole from behind through a gravitational lens. As the nearby black hole amplifies the light from the distant black hole (Box 2), the observer sees a burst of bright light. But when a nearby black hole passes in front of the abyss or shadow of a more distant black hole, the observer sees a slight decrease in brightness (Table 3). This decrease in brightness (3) is clearly visible in the light curve data below the images. Credit: Jordy Devalar
“It took years and a huge effort on the part of dozens of scientists to make this high-resolution image of M87’s black holes,” said first study author Jordy Davilar, a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia and the Flatiron Center for Computational Astrophysics. “This approach only works with the closest and largest black holes – a couple at the core of M87 and possibly our own Milky Way.”
He added: “With our method, you measure the brightness of black holes over time, and you don’t have to spatially resolve each object. It should be possible to find this signal in many galaxies.”
The shadow of a black hole is its most mysterious and instructive feature. “This dark spot tells us about the size of the black hole, the shape of the space-time around it, and how matter gets into the black hole near its horizon,” said study co-author Zoltan Hyman, professor of physics at Columbia University.
When a supermassive black hole merger is observed from the side, the black hole closest to the observer enlarges the distant black hole through a gravitational lens effect. The researchers found a small drop in brightness corresponding to the “shadow” of a distant black hole, allowing the observer to measure its size. Credit: Nicoletta Barolvini
The shadows of a black hole may hide the secret of the true nature of gravity, one of the fundamental forces of our universe. Einstein’s theory of gravity, known as general relativity, predicts the size of black holes. So physicists turned to them to test alternative theories of gravity, trying to reconcile two competing ideas about how nature works: Einstein’s general theory of relativity, which explains large-scale phenomena such as the rotation of the planets and the expanding universe, and quantum physics, which explains how nature works. small particles such as electrons and photons occupy several states at the same time.
Researchers interested in lighting up supermassive black holes master A suspicious pair of supermassive black holes at the center of a distant galaxy at the beginning of the universe.[{” attribute=””>NASA’s planet-hunting Kepler space telescope was scanning for the tiny dips in brightness corresponding to a planet passing in front of its host star. Instead, Kepler ended up detecting the flares of what Haiman and his colleagues claim are a pair of merging black holes.
They named the distant galaxy “Spikey” for the spikes in brightness triggered by its suspected black holes magnifying each other on each full rotation via the lensing effect. To learn more about the flare, Haiman built a model with his postdoc, Davelaar.
They were confused, however, when their simulated pair of black holes produced an unexpected, but periodic, dip in brightness each time one orbited in front of the other. At first, they thought it was a coding mistake. But further checking led them to trust the signal.
As they looked for a physical mechanism to explain it, they realized that each dip in brightness closely matched the time it took for the black hole closest to the viewer to pass in front of the shadow of the black hole in the back.
The researchers are currently looking for other telescope data to try and confirm the dip they saw in the Kepler data to verify that Spikey is, in fact, harboring a pair of merging black holes. If it all checks out, the technique could be applied to a handful of other suspected pairs of merging supermassive black holes among the 150 or so that have been spotted so far and are awaiting confirmation.
As more powerful telescopes come online in the coming years, other opportunities may arise. The Vera Rubin Observatory, set to open this year, has its sights on more than 100 million supermassive black holes. Further black hole scouting will be possible when NASA’s gravitational wave detector, LISA, is launched into space in 2030.
“Even if only a tiny fraction of these black hole binaries has the right conditions to measure our proposed effect, we could find many of these black hole dips,” Davelaar said.
References:
“Self-Lensing Flares from Black Hole Binaries: Observing Black Hole Shadows via Light Curve Tomography” by Jordy Davelaar and Zoltán Haiman, 9 May 2022, Physical Review Letters.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.191101
“Self-lensing flares from black hole binaries: General-relativistic ray tracing of black hole binaries” by Jordy Davelaar and Zoltán Haiman, 9 May 2022, Physical Review D.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.103010
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NASA Lander InSight He has delivered what may be his last message from Mars as he embarks on a historic mission to uncover the secrets of the Red Planet’s interior.
In November, the space agency warned that the probe could be running out of time as dust continued to condense and stifle InSight’s power.
“Spacecraft power generation continues to decline as windblown dust accumulates on solar panels,” NASA said in a statement. Update November 2. “The end is expected to come in the coming weeks.”
message shared NASA The InSight Twitter account tweeted on Monday: “My power is very low so this might be the last photo I can upload. Don’t worry about me: my time here has been productive and uneventful. If I can keep talking to my mission team, I will—but I will.” Subscribe here soon. Thank you for staying with me.”
My power is very low, so this might be the last photo I can upload. But don’t worry about me: my time here has been productive and uneventful. If I can keep talking to my mission team, I will, but I’ll sign here soon. Thank you for staying with me. pic.twitter.com/wkYKww15kQ
— NASA InSight (@NASAInSight) December 19, 2022
A geologist robot armed with a hammer and a seismograph first reached the barren expanse of Elysium Planitia in November 2018.
Since then, she has carried out geological excavations, taking the first measurements of earthquakes with a high-tech seismometer placed right on the surface of Mars.
Last month, the solar-powered car released an update to remind us of its time in space.
“I was lucky to live on two planets. Four years ago I made it safely to the second one, much to the joy of my family at first. Thanks to my team for taking me on this journey of discovery. I hope I can be proud of you.”
According to the published mission, Insight has measured more than 1,300 seismic events since it was published, and more than 50 of them had signals clear enough for the team to extract information about their location on Mars. Results.
The probe’s data also provided detailed information about Mars’ interior, liquid core, surprisingly variable remnants beneath the surface of an extinct magnetic field, climate and seismic activity.
old for Its launch in 2018NASA Chief Scientist Jim Green said the mission was “fundamental to understanding the origins of our solar system and how it became what it is today.”
NASA will not declare the mission complete until Insight confirms the arrival of two spacecraft orbiting Mars that are relaying their information back to Earth.
In 2018, the veteran rover announced the capabilities end of his 15 year stay Sending an incomplete photo of the Valley of Perseverance.
A severe dust storm darkened the sky around the solar-powered rover, shattering the sun and leaving behind a dark image with white spots due to camera noise. The transmission is interrupted before the complete image can be transmitted.
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Being very close companies, OPPO and OnePlus have decided to create a new partnership, with the latter being a pioneer in the market. It has become the representative of the best smartphones in the group, and this will be seen very soon.
Proving this, OnePlus has announced that it will have news soon. The following brand assets will be announced on February 7, 2023. We are talking about OnePlus 11 5G and Buds Pro 2.
In recent years, OnePlus has been showcasing new hardware in an attempt to find a new place in the market. The brand has not always seen its full potential, betting on mid-range or entry-level smartphones.
The situation is changing, and the novelty will go on sale in early 2023, February 7. It is on this day that the new OnePlus 11 5G will be presented with all the expected news. We definitely have the new Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 SoC here. There's still 16GB of storage left and 256GB of onboard storage.
It is expected that he will receive a 6.7-inch OLED display with a resolution of 1440p and a frequency of 120 Hz. In the field of photography, we will have an important change: a 50 MP main camera, a 48 MP ultra wide-angle camera and a 32 MP telephoto lens with 2x zoom. For selfies and video calls, you'll have a 16-megapixel camera.
The photography partnership with Hasselblad will continue with OnePlus for fine-tuning and some additions. This alliance has brought important results for the best smartphones of the brand, guaranteeing the best photos in any situation.
In addition to the new OnePlus 11 5G, another brand new feature is also expected to arrive at the event. We're talking about the Buds Pro 2, which are solidifying an audio commitment that's becoming more of a reality. The brand promises "rich stereo quality sound with crystal clear clarity".
Stays like this marked by the beginning of February, another important novelty will enter the market. OnePlus wants to reclaim its place, and that will be the brand's bet for years to come. OnePlus 11 5G and Buds Pro 2 take the first step in this direction.
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According to information provided by Mukul Sharma, the unidentified POCO device can be identified by the model number 22127PC95I. Due to the fact that it was first seen online, the marketing name of this equipment is still a mystery.
POCO has not launched new mobile devices, including smartphones, to the market for some time now. On the other hand, several POCO smartphones such as POKO X5 and X5 Pro have been spotted on various certification sites, suggesting that the company will release these products soon. Today a new smartphone from the sub-brand xiaomi has been spotted on the BIS India website but the device does not have a name or any other details associated with it.
A new POCO device (model number 22127PC95I) has been included in the Indian BIS certification. POCO F5 has the model number 23013PC75I. #A LITTLE pic.twitter.com/NAFloP5Crt
— Mukul Sharma (@stufflistings) December 19, 2022
According to information provided by Mukul Sharma, the unidentified POCO device can be identified by the model number 22127PC95I. Due to the fact that it was first seen online, the marketing name of this equipment is still a mystery. It is possible that it will debut as a mid-range smartphone. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) website, other than the model number of the smartphone, does not provide any additional information about the device. However, this seems to indicate that the product will be available in the Indian market very soon.
In other related news, POCO X5 5G has recently been seen on several certification sites including SIRIM in Malaysia, BIS in India and the US FCC. According to various sources, it is possible that this is a renamed or modified version Redmi Note 12 5Gwhich was recently released in China.
It is supposed to be equipped screen 6.67″ AMOLED display with 120Hz refresh rate and chipset Snapdragon 4 Gen 1 inside. Can run MIUI 13 based on android 12 and have LPDDR4x RAM in addition to UFS 2.2 storage. The front camera is rumored to be 8MP while the main rear camera will be 48MP with 2MP depth. May have the ability drums 5000 mAh and 33W fast charging support.
In addition POCO X5 Pro 5G has recently been seen on various sites dedicated to certification. The battery is said to have a capacity of 5000 mAh and can charge at 67W. It will come with MIUI 14 preinstalled and will support n5, n7, n38, n41, n77 and n78 network bands. 5G.
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