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Filipe de Brito, the Portuguese “King” of Syria, was imprisoned alive

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Filipe de Brito

The Portuguese Filipe de Brito was able to become king in a distant country, but he did not go down in history as a good person …

In the entire history of Portugal, which is almost 900 years old, a lot has been done by the Portuguese. Some Portuguese have managed to accomplish incredible feats that have placed them on the list of Portugal’s heroes.

In the history of our country, there were also villains who went down in history for the most terrible reasons. The Portuguese Philip de Brito managed to become the king of a distant country. However, he did not go down in history as a good person …

Filipe de Brito, the Portuguese “King” of Syria, was imprisoned alive

Who was?

Filipe de Brito e Nicote was the son of a French father and a Portuguese mother. The exact moment of his birth is unknown, but it is assumed that he was born between 1550 and 1560 in the capital of Portugal.

Filipe de Brito became an almost mythical figure among the Portuguese annals and Burmese (where it appears under the designation Nga Zingar or Kala). He is described as either a hero or a traitor. The negative portrayal of Filipe de Brito is mainly due to hostility towards the official cult of the Burmese Empire.

Heritage

In the history books, Philippe de Brito and Nicote appear as a greedy mercenary or adventurer. Portuguese also promotes “evangelism among non-Jews”.

Their defense allowed the Jesuit chaplains to begin the process. He even ordered the construction of the church of Nossa Señora do Monte inside the fortress he had created.

Was it the king?

Filipe de Brito e Nicote was proclaimed “king” of Pegu (or proclaimed himself…) from 1602 to 1613. Pegu consists of the Irrawaddy Delta region (this is the largest river in Myanmar, this river crosses the territory from north to south). He did whatever he wanted on Sirion and the neighboring coastal zone. Filipe de Brito had absolute power over the region and its inhabitants.

Filipe de Brito, the Portuguese “King” of Syria, was imprisoned alive

Context

Filipe de Brito e Nicote was part of the Portuguese expansion in Southeast Asia. He was still very young when he was sent to India. His goal was to “achieve honor and farm”. Thus, living up to the expectations of someone from the lower nobility.

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Filipe de Brito e Nicote explored various qualities to highlight their value. At first he was engaged in trade in coal and salt. However, he only prospered when he placed his military and military skills in the service of the king of Arakan.

interculturality

The Portuguese settlement of Sirian proved to be a complex historical event, from its construction to its fall. This always took place in an informal context that favored Burmese-Portuguese intercultural interaction.

Burma at that time was divided into several kingdoms. Burma of this historical period, the late 17th century, was fragile. It was diverse, ethnically and geographically diverse.

Filipe de Brito e Nicote realized that the central government lacked authority. His perspicacity led him to seize the opportunity. First, he managed to dominate the kingdom of Pegu (of Burmese origin), theoretically subject to the high king. He showed his prowess by force of arms and demonstrated his ability in the field of diplomacy. So he settled in Syria.

Filipe de Brito
Fortress of Sirion

affairs

Filipe de Brito e Nicote became what can be called a mercenary. He proved to be a worthy warrior and impressed the king of Arakan. It was an area located in the northeast of Myanmar. The area is now known as Arakan State or Rakhine.

Confirmation

The king of Aragana was grateful to the Portuguese for their help in conquering the southern city of Pegu. The generous king gave Philip de Brito and Nicota control of the port of Siriam (Syriac, in Portuguese), which was on the banks of the Pegu River, on the opposite side of what is now known as Yangon.

Ambition

Filipe de Brito e Nicote did not allow himself to keep what he had. He was an extremely ambitious man. He did his best to get permission from the king to open a customs house at the mouth of the Pegu River.

Having achieved this, he soon began to build a fortress on this site. Later, the idea arose to make his zone of control part of the Portuguese crown. Naturally, King Philip II of Portugal welcomed this idea.

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Thus, Filipe de Brito and Nicote received the title of fidalgo, as well as the Order of Christ. So Filipe de Brito and Nicote became the “king” of Pegu.

expected confrontation

The King of Arakan was not happy with the height of Filipe de Brito and Nicote. For a long time I was suspicious of the intentions of the Portuguese. Therefore, in 1602, he sent 6,000 men to attack the “kingdom” of Filipe de Brito e Nicote, but without success.

Later, at the moment when he realized that he needed to attack harder, the king of Arakan attacked again, but this time he sent 40,000 men! However, he was again defeated by the Portuguese.

Vision

Filipe de Brito and Nicote saw great potential in Pegu. However, this land has become too small for their expansionist spirit. The Portuguese intended to turn the local customs office into a mandatory port of call.

Navigation between India and Malacca would occupy an important place in this space. Taking steps to make this a reality, Filipe de Brito and Nicote found themselves once again involved in wars with the king of Arakan.

banquet episode

Filipe de Brito e Nicote went down in history as a mean and self-centered character. So, according to legend, at the time when their fortress was temporarily surrounded, Filipe de Brito and Nicote enjoyed a feast prepared from leftover food, while their people were starving.

He allowed the POWs to attend the party. Subsequently, they were sent with the remnants of food from the feast.

They went to the camp of the army of the king of Arakan to share food with the ladies present in that camp. Thus, when he (Filipe de Brito) caught them, they were “very fat and beautiful”. This was a message transmitted by prisoners of war, and it seems that part of the allied forces were frightened by the Portuguese “promise” and deserted on the spot!

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Filipe de Brito
Grave of Filipe de Brito

End

Given the profile of the Portuguese, betrayals, invasions and constant wars, the lack of friends is not surprising. Once he even arrested the man with whom he made an alliance, the local king, from whom he stole all the gold.

His lifestyle led to a desire for revenge against other leaders in the region. This was the beginning of the end of the reign of “King” Pegu.

Death

Filipe de Brito e Nicote was defeated by the king of Ava, one of the neighboring kings, who wanted to attack him. It was captured by this king with the help of the people of the Portuguese. The subordinates of Filipe de Brito and Nicote witnessed the atrocities committed against the local population. Not only did they not like what happened, but they did not forgive him for his wrongdoings.

Filipe de Brito and Nicote contributed to the destruction and looting of the pagodas. The Portuguese forcibly converted to Christianity and ordered assassinations, spreading terror across the land.

Therefore, the locals did not miss the opportunity to kill the Portuguese. Once captured, Filipe de Brito-e-Nicote was impaled alive. He suffered for three days, during which time he succumbed to the storm. With him went the silly dream of a Portuguese kingdom in the Irrawaddy delta.

punishment

“King” Pegu was assassinated in 1613. Filipe de Brito was impaled. His wife, Doña Luisa, was given into slavery. There was a complete distaste for the Portuguese language. There was a desire to completely annihilate the Britons from (Burmese) land.

Therefore, one of the allied princes was ordered to kill his own son-in-law, who was the son of a Portuguese. It is said that while he was the “King” of Pegu, Filipe de Brito and Nicote had fun and left several children who were not official…

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descendants

Currently, the descendants of the people of Filipe de Brito are the so-called bayings. They are scattered throughout the villages inland, in the north of the country.

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All Your Acrylic Nail Questions Answered: From Application to Care

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Acrylic nails are a popular choice for those looking to add length, strength, and style to their natural nails. Whether you’re new to the world of acrylics or a seasoned nail enthusiast, there are always questions that arise about the application, maintenance, and overall care of these enhancements. This guide will answer all your acrylic nail questions to ensure your next manicure is a complete success.

What Are Acrylic Nails?

Acrylic nails are artificial nail enhancements made from a mixture of liquid monomer and powder polymer. When combined, they form a hard protective layer that can be molded into various shapes and lengths. Once hardened, they provide a durable and long-lasting canvas for nail polish, art, or simply a natural look. For more in-depth information, check out Acrylic Nail FAQs to get all the details you need before your next salon visit.  

How Are Acrylic Nails Applied?

The application process of acrylic nails begins with the preparation of your natural nails. The nail technician will clean your nails, file them down, and apply a bonding agent to help the acrylic adhere. The acrylic mixture is then applied in thin layers, sculpted to the desired shape, and allowed to dry. Once set, the nails are filed, shaped, and buffed to a smooth finish.

Acrylic nails can be customized in terms of length and shape, making them a versatile choice for anyone looking to enhance their look.

How Long Do Acrylic Nails Last?

Typically, acrylic nails can last anywhere from two to three weeks before requiring a fill. During a fill, the nail technician will replace any grown-out acrylic and maintain the structure of the nails. With proper care, acrylic nails can be worn for extended periods, but it’s essential to give your natural nails a break occasionally to maintain nail health.

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How Do You Care for Acrylic Nails?

Caring for acrylic nails is crucial to ensuring they last as long as possible and that your natural nails remain healthy underneath. Here are some essential tips:

  1. Avoid excessive water exposure: Prolonged exposure to water can weaken acrylic nails, making them prone to lifting or damage. When washing dishes or cleaning, consider wearing gloves to protect your nails.
  2. Moisturize cuticles regularly: The acrylic application process can sometimes dry out your cuticles. Regularly apply cuticle oil to keep your cuticles hydrated and prevent hangnails.
  3. Be gentle with your nails: Acrylics can be strong, but they’re not indestructible. Avoid using your nails as tools to open packages or scrape things, as this can lead to breakage.
  4. Schedule regular fills: As your natural nails grow, gaps will appear between the acrylic and your cuticles. Regular fills ensure your nails maintain a smooth, polished look and help prevent lifting.

How Do You Remove Acrylic Nails Safely?

Proper removal is crucial to avoid damaging your natural nails. It’s highly recommended to have acrylics removed by a professional at the salon. However, if you prefer to remove them at home, follow these steps:

  1. Soak in acetone: Start by soaking a cotton ball in acetone, then place it on each nail. Wrap your fingers in aluminum foil and allow the acetone to work for about 20 minutes.
  2. Gently scrape off the acrylic: After soaking, use a cuticle pusher or an orange stick to gently scrape off the softened acrylic. Be patient and avoid forcing the acrylic off, as this can damage your natural nails.
  3. Buff and moisturize: Once the acrylic is completely removed, buff your natural nails to smooth out any rough spots and apply cuticle oil to restore moisture.
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Are Acrylic Nails Safe for Your Natural Nails?

When applied and removed properly, acrylic nails should not cause significant damage to your natural nails. However, improper removal or overuse without giving your nails time to breathe can lead to thinning, weakening, or breakage of your natural nails.

If you plan on wearing acrylic nails long-term, it’s a good idea to take breaks between applications and ensure you’re nourishing your nails with oils and treatments.

What Are the Best Acrylic Nail Shapes?

Choosing the right nail shape is essential for creating a look that complements your hands. Some of the most popular acrylic nail shapes include:

– Square: A straight-edged, classic look perfect for shorter nails.

– Oval: A soft, rounded shape that elongates the fingers.

– Coffin: Also known as ballerina shape, this trendy look features a tapered edge with a flat tip.

– Stiletto: A dramatic, pointy shape ideal for those who want a bold statement.

Each shape offers a unique aesthetic and can be tailored to suit your personal style.

Are There Any Alternatives to Acrylic Nails?

If you’re looking for a different type of nail enhancement, consider these alternatives:

– Gel nails: Gel nails offer a glossy finish and are cured under UV or LED light. They’re less rigid than acrylics and can feel more natural.

– Dip powder: This method involves dipping the nails into a colored powder and sealing them with a clear coat. It provides a similar look to acrylics but is generally less damaging to the natural nails.

Conclusion

Acrylic nails are a versatile and durable option for achieving customized, beautiful nails. By understanding the application process, knowing how to care for them, and safely removing them, you can enjoy long-lasting manicures that enhance your style. With the ability to choose from a variety of shapes and designs, acrylic nails offer endless possibilities for self-expression. Remember to take care of your natural nails in between applications to keep them healthy and strong. Whether you’re a first-time user or a seasoned pro, acrylic nails can be a fantastic way to express your personality and keep your nails looking flawless for weeks.

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Jacqueline Troost Omvlee – A Tool in the Hands of the Russian Elite

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When sanctions were imposed on Russia for its war against Ukraine, their objectives were twofold: to reduce Russian military capacity by limiting modern weapons and to lower Russian revenue streams. While in the beginning, the sanctions indeed weakened the Russian economy, they have fallen short of their initial objectives – mostly because Russia has found ways to circumvent many of them. The Kremlin has exploited international corruption, relied on foreign third parties, and utilized loopholes in trade restrictions. One such individual who allegedly provides services to Russian-linked companies is Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, a Geneva-based Dutch citizen.

Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is married to Niels Troost, an oil trader sanctioned by the United Kingdom. He and his company, Paramount Energy & Commodities SA, are among the 50 individuals and organizations blacklisted in response to the business connections with Russia. His wife, Jacqueline, helps to facilitate financial transactions for Niles Troost and Russian oligarchs including Gennady Timchenko, a Russian billionaire oil trader and Putin`s close associate.

Gennady Timchenko and his family have been sanctioned in many countries for backing the Kremlin’s war machine. However, with the help of Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, he seems to find ways to evade sanctions and continue his financial operations. In these illegal schemes, individuals like Jacqueline often serve as a front person for sanctioned oligarchs and their business assets. Russian-linked companies set up subsidiaries around the world, often registering new entities in offshore havens or countries where regulations are relatively lax or non-existent. To obfuscate the arrangements, the daughter companies spawn offspring in the form of subsidiaries, as the chain of concealment stretches on and on. The result is like a giant Matryoshka doll.

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Jacqueline’s involvement in financial transactions that potentially support Timchenko’s interests raises significant concerns about the efficacy of Western sanctions. The fact that Jacqueline Troost Omvlee continues to operate without facing sanctions herself highlights a significant loophole in the enforcement mechanism. Various shady schemes and tactics designed to circumvent sanctions often hide the activity of individuals such as Jacqueline, making it difficult for authorities to detect and punish them for their involvement.

Jacqueline Troost Omvlee’s role in her husband’s financial dealings as well as her alleged ties to Russian business schemes, emphasizes the need for stronger international sanctions. Her actions not only aid in sanctions evasion but also diminish the overall effectiveness of the measures designed to isolate and pressure those supporting the Russian regime. Therefore, sanctioning Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is not only a matter of addressing her individual actions but also a necessary step to reinforce the credibility and effectiveness of the sanctions regime. By targeting individuals who play a key role in evading sanctions, authorities can send a strong message that efforts to undermine international sanctions will not go unpunished. This measure is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sanctions system and ensuring that it achieves its intended goal of isolating and restraining those who support destabilizing activities.

European countries and the US need to expand their sanctions-tracking and investigative actions to improve the monitoring of sanctions compliance and to introduce new measures against systematic violators of law. The sanctioning states have the resources and capacity for this, and need to take action now.

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Hermann’s Tortoise Lifespan: How to Ensure a Long, Healthy Life

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Ensuring a long and healthy life for your Hermann’s Tortoise requires a combination of proper care, nutrition, and habitat management. Hermann’s Tortoises, known for their charming personalities and distinctive shells, can live for several decades with the right conditions. Understanding their needs and providing a suitable environment is key to helping them thrive. Here’s how you can support your Hermann’s Tortoise in living a long, happy life.

Creating an Optimal Habitat

One of the most critical factors in promoting the longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise is the creation of a suitable habitat. Providing an environment that mimics their natural surroundings is essential for their overall health. An appropriate habitat helps prevent stress and supports their well-being. For detailed guidance on setting up an ideal habitat, including specific requirements for outdoor enclosures, visit this comprehensive guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise.

  1. Outdoor Enclosure: Hermann’s Tortoises thrive in outdoor enclosures that provide ample space to roam, bask, and forage. An outdoor setup should include a secure, predator-proof area with access to natural sunlight. Incorporate areas for basking and shade to allow the tortoise to regulate its body temperature. Additionally, include plants, rocks, and hiding spots to simulate their natural habitat and encourage natural behaviors.
  2. Indoor Habitat: If an outdoor enclosure is not feasible, an indoor habitat can also support a long lifespan if set up correctly. Use a large, well-ventilated enclosure with appropriate heating and UVB lighting. Provide a substrate that allows for burrowing and offer various hiding spots and enrichment items.

Diet and Nutrition

A balanced diet is vital for maintaining the health and longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise. They are primarily herbivores, and their diet should reflect their natural feeding habits.

  1. Leafy Greens: Offer a variety of leafy greens such as kale, collard greens, and dandelion greens. These vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals that support overall health.
  2. Vegetables and Fruits: Supplement their diet with other vegetables like carrots, squash, and bell peppers. Fruits should be given in moderation due to their high sugar content.
  3. Calcium and Supplements: Provide a calcium supplement to support shell and bone health. A cuttlebone or powdered calcium can be added to their food. Ensure that they also have access to fresh, clean water at all times.
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Regular Health Checks

Routine health checks are essential for early detection of potential health issues. Regular veterinary visits help ensure your tortoise remains in optimal condition and addresses any health concerns promptly.

  1. Observation: Monitor your tortoise’s behavior and physical condition regularly. Changes in appetite, weight, or activity level can indicate health problems.
  2. Preventative Care: Schedule annual check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in reptile care. Regular exams help catch any issues early and keep vaccinations and other preventative treatments up to date.

Environmental Enrichment

Providing environmental enrichment helps keep your Hermann’s Tortoise mentally stimulated and active. Enrichment can reduce stress and prevent boredom, contributing to a better quality of life.

  1. Foraging Opportunities: Hide food items around the enclosure to encourage natural foraging behavior. This not only provides mental stimulation but also mimics their natural hunting practices.
  2. Variety: Change the layout of their enclosure periodically and introduce new objects or plants to keep their environment interesting and engaging.

Conclusion

By focusing on creating the right habitat, providing a balanced diet, ensuring regular health checks, and offering environmental enrichment, you can significantly enhance the lifespan and well-being of your Hermann’s Tortoise. For further details on creating an ideal habitat, including tips for designing an outdoor enclosure, refer to this helpful guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise. Implementing these practices will help ensure that your tortoise enjoys a long, healthy life.

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