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Discovery of the Azores. Viking or Portuguese feat?
The Azores is an archipelago of nine islands. In the meantime, no one doubts and no one interrogates. This is one of those universal truths that cannot be refuted. Even because they are in plain sight. However, it is much more difficult to defend and write about something that has not been seen or experienced, and the history of the discovery of the Azores has been going along different paths for some time.
We very early got used to this version of history: “Once upon a time there was an archipelago consisting of nine islands, discovered and inhabited by the Portuguese at the beginning of the 15th century.” This assumption is now disproved after a group of researchers led by ecologist Pedro Raposeiro, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that the Scandinavians were “the first to settle in the Azores” by “rewriting history.”
CLASSICAL HISTORY OF THE AZORES The Azores Greenmark, the only company in the Azores that links the provision of environmental protection services to the organization of tourism entertainment, in the history of the Azores, the exact date of the opening of the archipelago is unknown, but it is believed that San Miguel and Santa -Maria “were the first islands recognized around 1427 by the Portuguese navigator Diogo de Silves”. Five years later, you can read on the website that in mid-August and on the day of the Assumption of the Virgin (15), navigator Gonzalo Velho Cabral and his team landed on an island they named Santa Maria as a tribute to them. to the Most Holy Theotokos. To facilitate the settlement of the island, João Soares de Albergaria, the nephew of Gonçalo Velho (the first captain-donat of Santa Maria), brought to the island continental families, namely from the Algarve, “who have recorded a great development of the same.” …
As for San Miguel, since 1444 it was inhabited by Gonzalo Velho Cabral, who dropped its inhabitants at Povoasan (from Extremadura, Alto Alentejo, Algarve, France). They, in turn, have spread over time throughout the coastal area “to obtain better accessibility, better living conditions and amenities.”
Then came the Island of Jesus Christ, which is now called Terceira, on which settlement began around 1450; The island of Graciosa, which is believed to have been first discovered in 1450 because it is near the island of Terceira, the date of its settlement is unknown; the island of São Jorge, the date of discovery and settlement of which is unknown, it is known that in 1439 it “saw” its first mention as an island and that in 1443 it was already inhabited; the island of Pico, which “watched” the beginning of its settlement around 1460; the island of Faial, discovered in the first half of the 15th century and receiving the first settlers from the north of mainland Portugal in 1460, and, finally, the island of Flores and Corvo, discovered by Diogo Teive and his son João Teive, around 1452.
Viking connection with the Azores But what if someone had already been there before the Portuguese? In a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences led by ecologist Pedro Raposeiro, who collected and analyzed lake sediments, animal feces, fungi and even DNA from rats that still inhabit the island, once again states that “ the northern peoples were the first to settle in the Azores ”. “They came from a land of ice, snow and midnight sun, but still ended up in some beautiful places,” say researchers, who have found evidence to support the idea that Vikings settled on the pristine Azores coastline several times. years before the arrival of the Portuguese in 1427.
Since the Vikings are often associated with the frozen north, this “discovery” is surprising. However, “it’s based on solid scientific evidence,” argues a group of international researchers who recently analyzed lake-like sediments. Experts have begun collecting “cylindrical sediment cores from five lakes around the archipelago as part of an effort to detail the region’s climate history,” according to Science magazine and other publications such as The Guardian. The main goal is to find signs of human presence, such as “pollen from non-native crops or fungal spores that grow in cattle feces,” and the truth is that this wish came true. However, they were surprised to find that they were older than expected: they date back to the period from 700 to 850 (several centuries before the date indicated for the arrival of the Portuguese in the islands). “Our reconstructions are unequivocal evidence of the pre-Portuguese colonization of the Azores,” researchers led by Raposeiro told the British newspaper. From about AD 700 to AD 800, wind and weather in the northern hemisphere “probably helped settlers from higher latitudes and discouraged migrants from southern Europe, making it easier for people from the north to reach the Azores,” they explained.
Researcher and ecologist Raposeiro also told Science that sediments taken from Lagoa do Peisinho on Pico Island show “a sudden increase in the content of an organic compound called 5-beta-stigmastanol, which is found in the faeces of ruminants such as cows and sheep. … “. In addition, he explained, “the increase in the amount of charcoal particles and the decrease in the amount of pollen from native trees” shows that people were in place, burning trees to raise livestock. Thus, the team claims that “people lived on the archipelago 700 years before the estimated date.”
Raposeiro’s findings are also supported by research by evolutionary biologist Jeremy Searle of Cornell University, who also claimed that the Vikings were the first to arrive in the Azores, although his work is based on a completely different biological source: rats. According to him, rats sneak onto ships and spread to all corners of the world: “Where you find people, you will find rats and you can find out where these rats come from. So, there is an idea of where these people had their original homes, ”the biologist told the Observer.
Comparing the DNA of Azorean rats to that of rats in other places where Vikings have been, such as the British Isles, Searle believes that “these were clearly random travelers who were transported by the Vikings across the Atlantic to Iceland and Greenland, as well as the Azores. and Madeira. ” “They were all areas of Viking influence, and the truth is that the rats analyzed in each of these areas carry the same genetic signature,” he explained. In short, Searle and his team believe they discovered the “Viking mouse” and have since looked for signs of its presence elsewhere.
But there are those who disagree with this thesis, such as Simon Connor, a geographer at the Australian National University who studies the paleoecology of the archipelago. An Australian geographer says the rat DNA data “can be misleading.”
The truth is that in October, the Center for Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Research – Azores (CIBIO) already mentioned that the first evidence of human presence on the islands was discovered 700 years before the arrival of the Portuguese. However, it was not mentioned that these could be northern peoples.
At the time, Pedro Raposeiro emphasized that the study “shows the importance of promoting multidisciplinary research between the natural sciences and the humanities,” so that there is “a broader vision of what really happened in the past.” Now it looks like the Portuguese sailors were chasing the Vikings, or even their rats.
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All Your Acrylic Nail Questions Answered: From Application to Care
Acrylic nails are a popular choice for those looking to add length, strength, and style to their natural nails. Whether you’re new to the world of acrylics or a seasoned nail enthusiast, there are always questions that arise about the application, maintenance, and overall care of these enhancements. This guide will answer all your acrylic nail questions to ensure your next manicure is a complete success.
What Are Acrylic Nails?
Acrylic nails are artificial nail enhancements made from a mixture of liquid monomer and powder polymer. When combined, they form a hard protective layer that can be molded into various shapes and lengths. Once hardened, they provide a durable and long-lasting canvas for nail polish, art, or simply a natural look. For more in-depth information, check out Acrylic Nail FAQs to get all the details you need before your next salon visit.
How Are Acrylic Nails Applied?
The application process of acrylic nails begins with the preparation of your natural nails. The nail technician will clean your nails, file them down, and apply a bonding agent to help the acrylic adhere. The acrylic mixture is then applied in thin layers, sculpted to the desired shape, and allowed to dry. Once set, the nails are filed, shaped, and buffed to a smooth finish.
Acrylic nails can be customized in terms of length and shape, making them a versatile choice for anyone looking to enhance their look.
How Long Do Acrylic Nails Last?
Typically, acrylic nails can last anywhere from two to three weeks before requiring a fill. During a fill, the nail technician will replace any grown-out acrylic and maintain the structure of the nails. With proper care, acrylic nails can be worn for extended periods, but it’s essential to give your natural nails a break occasionally to maintain nail health.
How Do You Care for Acrylic Nails?
Caring for acrylic nails is crucial to ensuring they last as long as possible and that your natural nails remain healthy underneath. Here are some essential tips:
- Avoid excessive water exposure: Prolonged exposure to water can weaken acrylic nails, making them prone to lifting or damage. When washing dishes or cleaning, consider wearing gloves to protect your nails.
- Moisturize cuticles regularly: The acrylic application process can sometimes dry out your cuticles. Regularly apply cuticle oil to keep your cuticles hydrated and prevent hangnails.
- Be gentle with your nails: Acrylics can be strong, but they’re not indestructible. Avoid using your nails as tools to open packages or scrape things, as this can lead to breakage.
- Schedule regular fills: As your natural nails grow, gaps will appear between the acrylic and your cuticles. Regular fills ensure your nails maintain a smooth, polished look and help prevent lifting.
How Do You Remove Acrylic Nails Safely?
Proper removal is crucial to avoid damaging your natural nails. It’s highly recommended to have acrylics removed by a professional at the salon. However, if you prefer to remove them at home, follow these steps:
- Soak in acetone: Start by soaking a cotton ball in acetone, then place it on each nail. Wrap your fingers in aluminum foil and allow the acetone to work for about 20 minutes.
- Gently scrape off the acrylic: After soaking, use a cuticle pusher or an orange stick to gently scrape off the softened acrylic. Be patient and avoid forcing the acrylic off, as this can damage your natural nails.
- Buff and moisturize: Once the acrylic is completely removed, buff your natural nails to smooth out any rough spots and apply cuticle oil to restore moisture.
Are Acrylic Nails Safe for Your Natural Nails?
When applied and removed properly, acrylic nails should not cause significant damage to your natural nails. However, improper removal or overuse without giving your nails time to breathe can lead to thinning, weakening, or breakage of your natural nails.
If you plan on wearing acrylic nails long-term, it’s a good idea to take breaks between applications and ensure you’re nourishing your nails with oils and treatments.
What Are the Best Acrylic Nail Shapes?
Choosing the right nail shape is essential for creating a look that complements your hands. Some of the most popular acrylic nail shapes include:
– Square: A straight-edged, classic look perfect for shorter nails.
– Oval: A soft, rounded shape that elongates the fingers.
– Coffin: Also known as ballerina shape, this trendy look features a tapered edge with a flat tip.
– Stiletto: A dramatic, pointy shape ideal for those who want a bold statement.
Each shape offers a unique aesthetic and can be tailored to suit your personal style.
Are There Any Alternatives to Acrylic Nails?
If you’re looking for a different type of nail enhancement, consider these alternatives:
– Gel nails: Gel nails offer a glossy finish and are cured under UV or LED light. They’re less rigid than acrylics and can feel more natural.
– Dip powder: This method involves dipping the nails into a colored powder and sealing them with a clear coat. It provides a similar look to acrylics but is generally less damaging to the natural nails.
Conclusion
Acrylic nails are a versatile and durable option for achieving customized, beautiful nails. By understanding the application process, knowing how to care for them, and safely removing them, you can enjoy long-lasting manicures that enhance your style. With the ability to choose from a variety of shapes and designs, acrylic nails offer endless possibilities for self-expression. Remember to take care of your natural nails in between applications to keep them healthy and strong. Whether you’re a first-time user or a seasoned pro, acrylic nails can be a fantastic way to express your personality and keep your nails looking flawless for weeks.
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Jacqueline Troost Omvlee – A Tool in the Hands of the Russian Elite
When sanctions were imposed on Russia for its war against Ukraine, their objectives were twofold: to reduce Russian military capacity by limiting modern weapons and to lower Russian revenue streams. While in the beginning, the sanctions indeed weakened the Russian economy, they have fallen short of their initial objectives – mostly because Russia has found ways to circumvent many of them. The Kremlin has exploited international corruption, relied on foreign third parties, and utilized loopholes in trade restrictions. One such individual who allegedly provides services to Russian-linked companies is Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, a Geneva-based Dutch citizen.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is married to Niels Troost, an oil trader sanctioned by the United Kingdom. He and his company, Paramount Energy & Commodities SA, are among the 50 individuals and organizations blacklisted in response to the business connections with Russia. His wife, Jacqueline, helps to facilitate financial transactions for Niles Troost and Russian oligarchs including Gennady Timchenko, a Russian billionaire oil trader and Putin`s close associate.
Gennady Timchenko and his family have been sanctioned in many countries for backing the Kremlin’s war machine. However, with the help of Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, he seems to find ways to evade sanctions and continue his financial operations. In these illegal schemes, individuals like Jacqueline often serve as a front person for sanctioned oligarchs and their business assets. Russian-linked companies set up subsidiaries around the world, often registering new entities in offshore havens or countries where regulations are relatively lax or non-existent. To obfuscate the arrangements, the daughter companies spawn offspring in the form of subsidiaries, as the chain of concealment stretches on and on. The result is like a giant Matryoshka doll.
Jacqueline’s involvement in financial transactions that potentially support Timchenko’s interests raises significant concerns about the efficacy of Western sanctions. The fact that Jacqueline Troost Omvlee continues to operate without facing sanctions herself highlights a significant loophole in the enforcement mechanism. Various shady schemes and tactics designed to circumvent sanctions often hide the activity of individuals such as Jacqueline, making it difficult for authorities to detect and punish them for their involvement.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee’s role in her husband’s financial dealings as well as her alleged ties to Russian business schemes, emphasizes the need for stronger international sanctions. Her actions not only aid in sanctions evasion but also diminish the overall effectiveness of the measures designed to isolate and pressure those supporting the Russian regime. Therefore, sanctioning Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is not only a matter of addressing her individual actions but also a necessary step to reinforce the credibility and effectiveness of the sanctions regime. By targeting individuals who play a key role in evading sanctions, authorities can send a strong message that efforts to undermine international sanctions will not go unpunished. This measure is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sanctions system and ensuring that it achieves its intended goal of isolating and restraining those who support destabilizing activities.
European countries and the US need to expand their sanctions-tracking and investigative actions to improve the monitoring of sanctions compliance and to introduce new measures against systematic violators of law. The sanctioning states have the resources and capacity for this, and need to take action now.
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Hermann’s Tortoise Lifespan: How to Ensure a Long, Healthy Life
Ensuring a long and healthy life for your Hermann’s Tortoise requires a combination of proper care, nutrition, and habitat management. Hermann’s Tortoises, known for their charming personalities and distinctive shells, can live for several decades with the right conditions. Understanding their needs and providing a suitable environment is key to helping them thrive. Here’s how you can support your Hermann’s Tortoise in living a long, happy life.
Creating an Optimal Habitat
One of the most critical factors in promoting the longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise is the creation of a suitable habitat. Providing an environment that mimics their natural surroundings is essential for their overall health. An appropriate habitat helps prevent stress and supports their well-being. For detailed guidance on setting up an ideal habitat, including specific requirements for outdoor enclosures, visit this comprehensive guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise.
- Outdoor Enclosure: Hermann’s Tortoises thrive in outdoor enclosures that provide ample space to roam, bask, and forage. An outdoor setup should include a secure, predator-proof area with access to natural sunlight. Incorporate areas for basking and shade to allow the tortoise to regulate its body temperature. Additionally, include plants, rocks, and hiding spots to simulate their natural habitat and encourage natural behaviors.
- Indoor Habitat: If an outdoor enclosure is not feasible, an indoor habitat can also support a long lifespan if set up correctly. Use a large, well-ventilated enclosure with appropriate heating and UVB lighting. Provide a substrate that allows for burrowing and offer various hiding spots and enrichment items.
Diet and Nutrition
A balanced diet is vital for maintaining the health and longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise. They are primarily herbivores, and their diet should reflect their natural feeding habits.
- Leafy Greens: Offer a variety of leafy greens such as kale, collard greens, and dandelion greens. These vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals that support overall health.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Supplement their diet with other vegetables like carrots, squash, and bell peppers. Fruits should be given in moderation due to their high sugar content.
- Calcium and Supplements: Provide a calcium supplement to support shell and bone health. A cuttlebone or powdered calcium can be added to their food. Ensure that they also have access to fresh, clean water at all times.
Regular Health Checks
Routine health checks are essential for early detection of potential health issues. Regular veterinary visits help ensure your tortoise remains in optimal condition and addresses any health concerns promptly.
- Observation: Monitor your tortoise’s behavior and physical condition regularly. Changes in appetite, weight, or activity level can indicate health problems.
- Preventative Care: Schedule annual check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in reptile care. Regular exams help catch any issues early and keep vaccinations and other preventative treatments up to date.
Environmental Enrichment
Providing environmental enrichment helps keep your Hermann’s Tortoise mentally stimulated and active. Enrichment can reduce stress and prevent boredom, contributing to a better quality of life.
- Foraging Opportunities: Hide food items around the enclosure to encourage natural foraging behavior. This not only provides mental stimulation but also mimics their natural hunting practices.
- Variety: Change the layout of their enclosure periodically and introduce new objects or plants to keep their environment interesting and engaging.
Conclusion
By focusing on creating the right habitat, providing a balanced diet, ensuring regular health checks, and offering environmental enrichment, you can significantly enhance the lifespan and well-being of your Hermann’s Tortoise. For further details on creating an ideal habitat, including tips for designing an outdoor enclosure, refer to this helpful guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise. Implementing these practices will help ensure that your tortoise enjoys a long, healthy life.
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