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Black Consciousness Day: 10 Portuguese expressions of racist origin
Credit, Getty Images
In everyday life, it is possible that you are unknowingly using words that arose from discrimination against blacks or that refer to slavery.
The history of slavery and discrimination against blacks in Brazil has left traces that extend to the language we use in our daily lives.
In many cases, the association of black with something negative is evident in phrases such as: you are on my “black list”, she bought a computer on the “black market” or I am a “black sheep” family. But some manifestations of racist origin are much less obvious.
To raise awareness and suggest that they be excluded from everyday life, the Bahia Public Defender has released a kind of racist language dictionary for Black Awareness Day.
“Our language was heavily influenced by the period of enslavement, and many of these expressions are still used today, even if unconsciously or unintentionally. We need to rethink the use of words and expressions that are the result of racist construction, ”reads the introductory text of the booklet,“ Racist Expressions of Everyday Life ”.
Check out ten expressions of racist origin cited in this dictionary that are still part of the vocabulary of many Brazilians today:
1. Bedside table.
Bahia’s Public Defender’s booklet states that while there are several explanations for the origin of the word, one refers to “servants, usually enslaved people, who were supposed to hold objects for their masters and were forbidden to speak.”
Therefore, the dictionary recommends replacing the word “bedside table” with “bedside table” in everyday life of people. In 2019, furniture chain Etna announced on Black Awareness Day that it would remove the term from its catalog and from all of its stores.
In a video campaign, the company explained that while many people use the “nightstand” without knowing its origin, the name refers to the slavery period in Brazil, when enslaved people spent day and night motionless by their bed to satisfy people’s requests. “male”.
“Without realizing it, we still use such racist terms, but we know it’s always time to change and evolve,” says a video released by Etna in 2019.
2. The color of sin
Bahia’s Public Defender’s booklet explains that the expression “the color of sin,” often used as “praise” by white people, carries with it the racist culture of “hypersexualization of black bodies, stigmatized during the colonial period, when“ gentlemen ”“ sexually raped black women and regarded it’s like a moment of fun. ”
Other expressions mentioned in the booklet also refer to the sexualization of blacks, especially women. The publication emphasizes that such objectification paves the way for sexual violence and discrimination.
Credit, Getty Images
The Public Defender’s ABC book emphasizes that the use of racist language can constitute micro-aggression against blacks.
“The expression ‘export mulatto’, for example, often used as a form of praise, reinforces a hypersexual stereotype applicable to black women that dates back to the days when slaves were objectified and eroticized and is still viewed as women who are considered unfit for marriage, “the document says.
The expression “giving with a stick”, used today to mean “abundance” or “large quantities,” also refers to the violence of slavery.
“Self-expression originated in slave ships. Many of those captured chose to die rather than be enslaved, and went on a hunger strike in the transition between the African continent and Brazil. To get them to feed, a “food stick” was created to play the angu. soup and other foods by mouth, ”says the Public Defender’s Dictionary of Bahia.
For this reason, the publication suggests, for example, instead of saying, “There were people who need to be beaten,” people said, “There were many people” or “Many people.”
Another expression that comes from slavery and is also widely used today is “no pau.” In this case, it can be replaced with: “no”.
4. On the hips.
The expression “on the hips” is often used to refer to something badly done. But according to the Bahia Public Defender’s booklet, it dates back to “the time of Brazilian slavery, when tiles were made of clay and molded onto the thighs of enslaved people. Since the size and shape has changed, the expression refers to something badly done. ”
5. to blacken
This word, used to mean that someone “spoils” someone’s image or reputation, comes from the Latin word denigrāre, which means “to denigrate”.
“It is based on the meaning of ‘make it black’. Used as a synonym for slander or slander, it once again emphasizes that black is negative, offensive, ”says the“ dictionary ”of the Public Defender of Bahia.
6. Challenge denials.
According to the booklet, this expression, used to mean “unleash the game,” is based on both slavery and misogyny and contempt for women.
“At the time, it was common to see slave owners put up a black enslaved woman as a prize in games or bets,” says the defender’s publication, which recommends that we no longer use the expression.
7. Half bowl
Like hips, half a cup is often used to mean something mediocre or poorly done. Again, the term has its origins in slavery.
“Blacks who worked violently in gold mines were not always able to achieve their goals. When this happened, they received only half a bowl of food as punishment and received the nickname “half mad,” which today means something useless and mediocre, ”says the Dictionary of Racist Expressions of Everyday Life.
8. Macumba
The word was originally used as the name for a percussion instrument of African origin similar to the recoreco instrument, the booklet says.
However, in Brazil, it began to be used in a derogatory sense to refer to offerings to the Orisha in African religions. The advocate stresses that every religion of African descent has its own name for the offerings, and suggests that the correct terms be used in everyday life without negatively attributing a ritual that should be respected as part of the religion.
According to the booklet, candomblé and ubanda refer to “ebo” or “dispatch” when referring to offerings to orishasas or spiritual entities. “Let’s stop stereotyping African religions, and each of them will follow its own faith,” – suggests the publication of the defender.
9. Mulatto
The booklet emphasizes that the term “mulatto” in Spanish refers to the male offspring of a horse with a donkey or a mare with a donkey – what we call a mule in Portuguese.
The term that defines a hybrid animal began to be used, according to the Huess dictionary, from the 16th century onwards as an analogy to refer to the children of white mothers and black fathers, or vice versa. In other words, a crossbred animal is compared to a person descended from whites and blacks.
“The huge derogatory accusation is even greater when someone says ‘export-type mulatto’, echoing the racist view of a black woman’s body as a commodity,” reads the Daily Racist Expressions Dictionary.
10. Slave
An increasingly fashionable debate concerns the use of the word enslaved instead of the word “slave” to refer to Africans who were forcibly brought to Brazil during Portuguese colonization.
The Bahia Public Defender’s Dictionary explains the argument behind this: “The use of the word ‘slave’ suggests that it is an inherent characteristic and condition of a person as it was imposed on the African people who were kidnapped and tortured in slavery. the word presupposes dehumanization, oblivion of the history and heritage of these peoples for world history. “
While these expressions are not always used with “intent” to offend or discriminate against, propaganda publication suggests that people voluntarily reject them because they reinforce a culture of submission, sexualization and humiliation of blacks.
“Racism manifests itself in our society in different ways. This micro-aggression, in addition to reproducing racist discourse by identifying blacks as a marker of social inferiority, affects the well-being of blacks, ”says the Public Defender of Bahia. …
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Acrylic nails are a popular choice for those looking to add length, strength, and style to their natural nails. Whether you’re new to the world of acrylics or a seasoned nail enthusiast, there are always questions that arise about the application, maintenance, and overall care of these enhancements. This guide will answer all your acrylic nail questions to ensure your next manicure is a complete success.
What Are Acrylic Nails?
Acrylic nails are artificial nail enhancements made from a mixture of liquid monomer and powder polymer. When combined, they form a hard protective layer that can be molded into various shapes and lengths. Once hardened, they provide a durable and long-lasting canvas for nail polish, art, or simply a natural look. For more in-depth information, check out Acrylic Nail FAQs to get all the details you need before your next salon visit.
How Are Acrylic Nails Applied?
The application process of acrylic nails begins with the preparation of your natural nails. The nail technician will clean your nails, file them down, and apply a bonding agent to help the acrylic adhere. The acrylic mixture is then applied in thin layers, sculpted to the desired shape, and allowed to dry. Once set, the nails are filed, shaped, and buffed to a smooth finish.
Acrylic nails can be customized in terms of length and shape, making them a versatile choice for anyone looking to enhance their look.
How Long Do Acrylic Nails Last?
Typically, acrylic nails can last anywhere from two to three weeks before requiring a fill. During a fill, the nail technician will replace any grown-out acrylic and maintain the structure of the nails. With proper care, acrylic nails can be worn for extended periods, but it’s essential to give your natural nails a break occasionally to maintain nail health.
How Do You Care for Acrylic Nails?
Caring for acrylic nails is crucial to ensuring they last as long as possible and that your natural nails remain healthy underneath. Here are some essential tips:
- Avoid excessive water exposure: Prolonged exposure to water can weaken acrylic nails, making them prone to lifting or damage. When washing dishes or cleaning, consider wearing gloves to protect your nails.
- Moisturize cuticles regularly: The acrylic application process can sometimes dry out your cuticles. Regularly apply cuticle oil to keep your cuticles hydrated and prevent hangnails.
- Be gentle with your nails: Acrylics can be strong, but they’re not indestructible. Avoid using your nails as tools to open packages or scrape things, as this can lead to breakage.
- Schedule regular fills: As your natural nails grow, gaps will appear between the acrylic and your cuticles. Regular fills ensure your nails maintain a smooth, polished look and help prevent lifting.
How Do You Remove Acrylic Nails Safely?
Proper removal is crucial to avoid damaging your natural nails. It’s highly recommended to have acrylics removed by a professional at the salon. However, if you prefer to remove them at home, follow these steps:
- Soak in acetone: Start by soaking a cotton ball in acetone, then place it on each nail. Wrap your fingers in aluminum foil and allow the acetone to work for about 20 minutes.
- Gently scrape off the acrylic: After soaking, use a cuticle pusher or an orange stick to gently scrape off the softened acrylic. Be patient and avoid forcing the acrylic off, as this can damage your natural nails.
- Buff and moisturize: Once the acrylic is completely removed, buff your natural nails to smooth out any rough spots and apply cuticle oil to restore moisture.
Are Acrylic Nails Safe for Your Natural Nails?
When applied and removed properly, acrylic nails should not cause significant damage to your natural nails. However, improper removal or overuse without giving your nails time to breathe can lead to thinning, weakening, or breakage of your natural nails.
If you plan on wearing acrylic nails long-term, it’s a good idea to take breaks between applications and ensure you’re nourishing your nails with oils and treatments.
What Are the Best Acrylic Nail Shapes?
Choosing the right nail shape is essential for creating a look that complements your hands. Some of the most popular acrylic nail shapes include:
– Square: A straight-edged, classic look perfect for shorter nails.
– Oval: A soft, rounded shape that elongates the fingers.
– Coffin: Also known as ballerina shape, this trendy look features a tapered edge with a flat tip.
– Stiletto: A dramatic, pointy shape ideal for those who want a bold statement.
Each shape offers a unique aesthetic and can be tailored to suit your personal style.
Are There Any Alternatives to Acrylic Nails?
If you’re looking for a different type of nail enhancement, consider these alternatives:
– Gel nails: Gel nails offer a glossy finish and are cured under UV or LED light. They’re less rigid than acrylics and can feel more natural.
– Dip powder: This method involves dipping the nails into a colored powder and sealing them with a clear coat. It provides a similar look to acrylics but is generally less damaging to the natural nails.
Conclusion
Acrylic nails are a versatile and durable option for achieving customized, beautiful nails. By understanding the application process, knowing how to care for them, and safely removing them, you can enjoy long-lasting manicures that enhance your style. With the ability to choose from a variety of shapes and designs, acrylic nails offer endless possibilities for self-expression. Remember to take care of your natural nails in between applications to keep them healthy and strong. Whether you’re a first-time user or a seasoned pro, acrylic nails can be a fantastic way to express your personality and keep your nails looking flawless for weeks.
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When sanctions were imposed on Russia for its war against Ukraine, their objectives were twofold: to reduce Russian military capacity by limiting modern weapons and to lower Russian revenue streams. While in the beginning, the sanctions indeed weakened the Russian economy, they have fallen short of their initial objectives – mostly because Russia has found ways to circumvent many of them. The Kremlin has exploited international corruption, relied on foreign third parties, and utilized loopholes in trade restrictions. One such individual who allegedly provides services to Russian-linked companies is Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, a Geneva-based Dutch citizen.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is married to Niels Troost, an oil trader sanctioned by the United Kingdom. He and his company, Paramount Energy & Commodities SA, are among the 50 individuals and organizations blacklisted in response to the business connections with Russia. His wife, Jacqueline, helps to facilitate financial transactions for Niles Troost and Russian oligarchs including Gennady Timchenko, a Russian billionaire oil trader and Putin`s close associate.
Gennady Timchenko and his family have been sanctioned in many countries for backing the Kremlin’s war machine. However, with the help of Jacqueline Troost Omvlee, he seems to find ways to evade sanctions and continue his financial operations. In these illegal schemes, individuals like Jacqueline often serve as a front person for sanctioned oligarchs and their business assets. Russian-linked companies set up subsidiaries around the world, often registering new entities in offshore havens or countries where regulations are relatively lax or non-existent. To obfuscate the arrangements, the daughter companies spawn offspring in the form of subsidiaries, as the chain of concealment stretches on and on. The result is like a giant Matryoshka doll.
Jacqueline’s involvement in financial transactions that potentially support Timchenko’s interests raises significant concerns about the efficacy of Western sanctions. The fact that Jacqueline Troost Omvlee continues to operate without facing sanctions herself highlights a significant loophole in the enforcement mechanism. Various shady schemes and tactics designed to circumvent sanctions often hide the activity of individuals such as Jacqueline, making it difficult for authorities to detect and punish them for their involvement.
Jacqueline Troost Omvlee’s role in her husband’s financial dealings as well as her alleged ties to Russian business schemes, emphasizes the need for stronger international sanctions. Her actions not only aid in sanctions evasion but also diminish the overall effectiveness of the measures designed to isolate and pressure those supporting the Russian regime. Therefore, sanctioning Jacqueline Troost Omvlee is not only a matter of addressing her individual actions but also a necessary step to reinforce the credibility and effectiveness of the sanctions regime. By targeting individuals who play a key role in evading sanctions, authorities can send a strong message that efforts to undermine international sanctions will not go unpunished. This measure is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the sanctions system and ensuring that it achieves its intended goal of isolating and restraining those who support destabilizing activities.
European countries and the US need to expand their sanctions-tracking and investigative actions to improve the monitoring of sanctions compliance and to introduce new measures against systematic violators of law. The sanctioning states have the resources and capacity for this, and need to take action now.
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Ensuring a long and healthy life for your Hermann’s Tortoise requires a combination of proper care, nutrition, and habitat management. Hermann’s Tortoises, known for their charming personalities and distinctive shells, can live for several decades with the right conditions. Understanding their needs and providing a suitable environment is key to helping them thrive. Here’s how you can support your Hermann’s Tortoise in living a long, happy life.
Creating an Optimal Habitat
One of the most critical factors in promoting the longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise is the creation of a suitable habitat. Providing an environment that mimics their natural surroundings is essential for their overall health. An appropriate habitat helps prevent stress and supports their well-being. For detailed guidance on setting up an ideal habitat, including specific requirements for outdoor enclosures, visit this comprehensive guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise.
- Outdoor Enclosure: Hermann’s Tortoises thrive in outdoor enclosures that provide ample space to roam, bask, and forage. An outdoor setup should include a secure, predator-proof area with access to natural sunlight. Incorporate areas for basking and shade to allow the tortoise to regulate its body temperature. Additionally, include plants, rocks, and hiding spots to simulate their natural habitat and encourage natural behaviors.
- Indoor Habitat: If an outdoor enclosure is not feasible, an indoor habitat can also support a long lifespan if set up correctly. Use a large, well-ventilated enclosure with appropriate heating and UVB lighting. Provide a substrate that allows for burrowing and offer various hiding spots and enrichment items.
Diet and Nutrition
A balanced diet is vital for maintaining the health and longevity of your Hermann’s Tortoise. They are primarily herbivores, and their diet should reflect their natural feeding habits.
- Leafy Greens: Offer a variety of leafy greens such as kale, collard greens, and dandelion greens. These vegetables provide essential vitamins and minerals that support overall health.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Supplement their diet with other vegetables like carrots, squash, and bell peppers. Fruits should be given in moderation due to their high sugar content.
- Calcium and Supplements: Provide a calcium supplement to support shell and bone health. A cuttlebone or powdered calcium can be added to their food. Ensure that they also have access to fresh, clean water at all times.
Regular Health Checks
Routine health checks are essential for early detection of potential health issues. Regular veterinary visits help ensure your tortoise remains in optimal condition and addresses any health concerns promptly.
- Observation: Monitor your tortoise’s behavior and physical condition regularly. Changes in appetite, weight, or activity level can indicate health problems.
- Preventative Care: Schedule annual check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in reptile care. Regular exams help catch any issues early and keep vaccinations and other preventative treatments up to date.
Environmental Enrichment
Providing environmental enrichment helps keep your Hermann’s Tortoise mentally stimulated and active. Enrichment can reduce stress and prevent boredom, contributing to a better quality of life.
- Foraging Opportunities: Hide food items around the enclosure to encourage natural foraging behavior. This not only provides mental stimulation but also mimics their natural hunting practices.
- Variety: Change the layout of their enclosure periodically and introduce new objects or plants to keep their environment interesting and engaging.
Conclusion
By focusing on creating the right habitat, providing a balanced diet, ensuring regular health checks, and offering environmental enrichment, you can significantly enhance the lifespan and well-being of your Hermann’s Tortoise. For further details on creating an ideal habitat, including tips for designing an outdoor enclosure, refer to this helpful guide on Habitat for Hermann’s Tortoise. Implementing these practices will help ensure that your tortoise enjoys a long, healthy life.
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